European Governance

para 1

why needed/origins

to prevent WW2 repeat & ↑ regional coop/stability. foundation for peace thru shared governance. post-WW2, wanted to suppress nationalism, rebuild econs, prevent rivlary (esp btwn france & ger)

ECSC ‘51 (euro coal/steel community), made supranatural high authority by Jean Monnet to regulate coal/steel (industries vital to war). build mutual econ dependence to make war impossible

“we are not making a coalition of states, but uniting ppl”

EDC (euro defence community) want collective military control & security integration

para 2

expand; EEC to EU

euro econ community (EEC) & EU institutionalised coop & foundation for unified euro currency after CW
Treaty of Rome ‘57 = made EEC to create common market & Euro Commission

• “preserve peace & liberty”

Single Euro Act ‘86 = ↑ regional integration, free movement of goods/ppl

• “cooperation that strengthens, solidarity that unites” Jacques Delors fav treaty

southern expansion (greece, spain, portugal) for dem transitions after authoritarian regimes

integration tied econ growth to dem, ↑ regional stability to include easteuro later

para 3

strengthening EU

EU econ powerhouse, new level of pol/econ governance; ↑ stability/integration/peace

Maastricht Treaty ‘93 = EEC into EU, plan for single currency (Euro) & CFSP (common foreign & security policy). ↑ dem thru elected euro parliament

• “new stage in the process of European integration” EU treaty

Amsterdam Treaty ‘97 = expand EU powers, regional coop ↑ : Euro Central Bank made, Eurozone launched. after 90s, integrated EastEuro countries

• “Amsterdam Treaty updated Maastricht Treaty to prepare EU for future enlargement”

para 4

challenges/legacy

resistance from nationalism/sovereignty concerns. resistance to integration - Charles De Gualle (france) against supranaitonal control. Margaret Thatcher scared losing sovereignty & national identity coz feared influx of foreign workers. euroscepticism

• Thatcher’s Burges speech “we have rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain, only to see them re-imposed at a European level”

internal crises - financial instability, migration pressure, division btwn old/new members

integration coz fear of ↑ bureaucracy/erosion. successful tho coz from conflict to coop “unity thru diversity”