HTN, HLD, HF, CAD

Risk factors for HTN

Factors such as obesity, smoking, high sodium intake, and lack of physical activity that increase the likelihood of developing hypertension.

Secondary organ disease in heart failure

Presence of conditions like renal impairment, pulmonary congestion, or peripheral edema indicating secondary organ involvement due to heart failure.

Expected findings in right-sided heart failure

Symptoms such as jugular venous distension, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, and ascites.

Priority body systems to assess in exacerbated heart failure

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems.

Educational points for Loop diuretics

Instruct on monitoring weight, signs of dehydration, potassium levels, and the importance of adherence.

Lifestyle changes for hyperlipidemia

Incorporate a healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation.

EKG characteristics for suspected MI

Look for ST elevation, T wave inversions, or the presence of Q waves.

Assessing anginal pain

Use the PQRST method: Provocation, Quality, Region, Severity, and Time.

Goal blood pressure in patients <60

The target is generally <140/90 mmHg.

Hypertension medications and actions

1. ACE inhibitors - reduce vasoconstriction; 2) Calcium channel blockers - decrease heart contractility and dilate blood vessels.

Interventions for patient with blood pressure 100/80 and heart rate 60

Consider reassessing medication administration due to low blood pressure and heart rate.

Patient expectations after cardiac cath

Discuss recovery time, possible sensations, and monitoring for complications.

RAAS effect on blood pressure

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction and fluid retention.

Role of aspirin 81mg in cardiac care

Aspirin helps prevent blood clot formation in patients at risk for cardiovascular events.

Purpose of carvedilol (Coreg)

Carvedilol is a beta blocker used to decrease heart rate and blood pressure, and improve heart function.

Educating patients on taking blood pressure at home

Instruct on proper technique, time of day for checking, and recording results for monitoring.

Treating hyperlipidemia

Management may include lifestyle modifications and medications like statins.

Monitoring required for atorvastatin

Monitor liver function tests, lipid levels, and for muscle pain.

Priority care for ST elevation and chest pain

Administer oxygen, nitroglycerin, and prepare for possible cardiac interventions.

Educating patients on nitroglycerin administration

Instruct to take as prescribed, under the tongue, and to seek help if chest pain persists.

Medications that can improve hyperlipidemia

Statins, ezetimibe, and niacin are examples.

Multidisciplinary care team in managing cardiovascular disease

Teamwork among healthcare providers enhances holistic patient care and better management of cardiovascular conditions.

Assessing post-BNP of 1000

Evaluate for signs of heart failure and potential fluid overload.

Long-term complications of untreated hypertension

Risks include heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and eye problems.

Values on a lipid panel

1. LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; 2) HDL: High-density lipoprotein; 3) Total cholesterol.

Medications for decompensated heart failure

Diuretics, inotropes, and vasodilators are commonly used.

Effects of HTN, high cholesterol, CAD on heart failure

These factors can lead to myocardial damage, reducing the heart's ability to pump effectively.

Alternatives if ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers ineffective

Consider diuretics, beta blockers, or other antihypertensives.

Differences between ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates vs statins

Different mechanisms of action for lowering cholesterol levels.

Plaque rupture process leading to ACS

Ruptured plagues can result in thrombus formation, obstructing coronary blood flow.

Differences between STEMI and NSTEMI care

STEMI requires urgent reperfusion therapy, while NSTEMI is often managed with medications.

Characteristics of stable angina

Predictable pattern, triggered by exertion or stress, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.

Education for stable angina patients

Instruct on recognizing symptoms, triggers, and the importance of medication adherence.

Immediate interventions for pulmonary edema

Oxygen therapy, diuretics, and possible intubation as needed.

How diabetes management prevents CAD

Effective blood sugar control reduces cardiovascular risk factors.

Strategies for managing frequent hospitalizations in heart failure

Consider medication adjustments, dietary counseling, and enhancing patient education.

Impact of socioeconomic factors on cardiovascular disease management

Access to care and medications can significantly influence disease outcomes.

Types of diuretics and monitoring priorities

Loop, thiazide, and potassium-sparing diuretics require regular electrolyte and kidney function monitoring.