Texas History Vocabulary Flashcards

Flashcards of vocabulary from Texas History review notes.

Natural Regions

An area with a common physical environment

Immigration

Movement of people from one country to another

Irrigation

Supplying water to crops by artificial methods

Reservoirs

Artificial lakes that store water and are often used as a source of drinking water for the towns and cities

Sedentary

People who settle and stay in one place (people who live in permanent locations)

Nomads

People who move with their food source and never settle in one place for too long (people who move from place to place)

European diseases

Diseases the Europeans brought that killed multiple native americans

Conquistadors

Spanish shoulder-adventurers in search of gold, glory, and land.

Missions

Religious communities established by the spanish catholics

Presidios

Military bases

Louisiana Purchase

A deal with france in which france sold louisiana to the united states for $15 million

Grito de Dolores

Cause of mexican revolution

Buffer zone

Safe zone / protected area

Frontier

Region marking the farthest edge of settlement by a country or group of people

Squatters

People who do not legally own the lant on which they live on

Law of April 6, 1830

Laws passed by the mexican government banning US immigration and prohibiting settlers from brining more slaves into texas

Turtle Bayou Resolutions

Declarations from American settlers that explained their actions at auahac expressed support for the mexican constitution and for the efforts of general antonio Lopez Santa Anna

Federalism

Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and smaller political units, such as states or provinces, ensuring a balance of governance.

Fredonian Rebellion

An attempt by anglo settlers to declare independence from mexico

Battle of Gonzales

A battle between Texas MIlitia and texicans marked the start of the texas revolution

Battle of San Jacinto

Battle that one texas independence against mexico only lasted 3 hours and was a surprise attack agaisnt mexico when they captured santa anna

Battle of the Alamo

Battle that the travis letter was written and the battle cry “remember the alamo” was created which sparked more people to fight for texas. The texans were outnumbered by thousands but held up the fort as much as they could to try to stop the mexican army

Runaway Scrape

When the texans ran from their town because the mexican army was comming they took their possesions and food and burned the whole town so the mexican army couldt get any resorses from it

Goliad Massacre

When general fannins troops tried to flee but the mexican army cought up and captured them killing all of the troups and some citizens around 400 texan deaths

Treaties of Velasco

Two treaties signes in 1836 that were ment to make mexico agree to recognize that texas was independent and ended the texas revoution

Texas Rangers

A defence force that tried to keep peace along the frontier establishes on november 24 1835

Council House Fight

A fight between texans and comanches that broke out at the council at san antnio after and argument to return captured texas nwas not fulfilled

Diplomatic recognition

The acknowledgment by one government that another government exists

Texas Admission Act

The act by which texas became the 28th state in 1845

Annexation

To add something to another

Reservations

Limited areas of land reserved for american indians

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty signes in 1848 officially ending the mexican war

Compromise of 1850

A plan to settle border conflict where texas was paid 10 million to give up its claim to lant in present day new mexico

Mexican Cession

About 529,00 miles given by mexico to the US

States’ rights

Rights held by states that place limits on the delegated powers of the federal government over other state governements

Sectionalism

Result of growing economic and social differences between the north and south

Battle at Palmito Ranch

Battle fought because of slow communication that the confederacy has already surrendered but texas won

Draft

Requirement of military service

Martial Law

Rule by armed forces

Emancipation Proclamation

Order issued by president lincoln that freed slaves in the reasrebelling against texas

Black Codes

Texas laws that denied african americans civil rights

Radical Republicans

Group that believed US congress needed to take a greater role in reconstruction

Segregation

The forced segregation of people of diffrent races

Popular Sovereignty

All political power comes from the people

Limited Government

A government with specific limits on its power

Separation of powers

Divides power among different government branches

Checks and balances

Government arrangement that makes it so each branch has ways to check or restrain the other two

Federalism

A division of authority between two levels of government

Republicanism

A system in which voters elect officials to represent them in they government

Individual Rights

Civil rights protected by the government in the constitution

Amendments

Additions and changes to a constitution

Bicameral legislature

Made up of two houses

Civil law

Deals with legal disputes between individual

Sales tax

A tax added to the price of goods and services at the time of purchase

Appropriation bill

A bill that sets the amount of money to be spent by a government = budget bill

Judicial Review

Judicial review is the power of courts to assess government actions and laws, ensuring they comply with constitutional principles and striking them down if they do not.

Comptroller

Controls the money of texas

caddos

Advanced farming techniques→ Crop rotation and irrigation Matrilineal = describing families in which the lineage is traced from the mothers side

Confederacies = associations orgroups who work together

“Tejas”= Texas= “friendship”

Jumano

4 struggles that brought their downfall

1. Spanish brought diseases

2. Drought

3. Farming failed, and the buffalo moved away

4. Attacks from Apaches

Adobe houses

Dried clay in hte sun and used in bricks as a building material

Trade network

Acquired horses from the Spanish and some horse culture

Apache

Horses

2 bands in Texas→ Lipan Apache and Mescalero Apache

Raided other tribes

Fierce warriors

Driven further into West TX and New Mexico by the arrival of the Comanche

Comanche

BIG horse culture

Wealthy

Trade

Fierce warriors

Comancheria→ large land claim

Raiding

the spaniards brought them

How did horses come to the New World

when the europeans came to texas and started to interact with the europeans

when the moment that marked the beginning of the age of contact

1528

When the Karankawa Indians saved Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his men from a shipwreck

1519

year horses were brought to america

The Spaniard came looking for gold then gave up but heard a tail about a city of gold and went looking for it again.

During the Age of Contact, explain the interest then disinterest then re interest of the Spanish in the region of Texas.

cibola

Which city of gold did Fray Marcos de Niza believe the Zuni were hiding in the Arizona/New Mexico region?

Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mexico, New Mexico

What states border Texas?

Red river, colorado river, and the Sabine river

What rivers create natural boundaries for TX?

mountains, hills, plateaus, plains

What are the four natural regions of Texas?

Major cities with interconnected economies transportation systems ect

What are the characteristics of metropolitan areas?

Houston- southeast

El Paso- west

Amarillo- noth

Dallas- northeast

What regions are these cities located in?

Better trade networks

How did transportation systems affect the growth of El Paso?

Mountains and basins

What region has the highest landforms

costal

What region is closest to the Gulf coast

it lowers

How does elevation change in Texas as you move from west to east?

Quivira

Which city of gold was Francisco Coronado searching for in Wichita, Kansas

San antonio was founded

Why is the year 1718 important?

The search of gold

What were the main economic activities of Texas during the Spanish Period?

1821

year Austin de Iturbide and Vincente Guerrero defeated the spanish and gained independence from spain

Zebulon Pike

US army captain who when exploring LA territory crosses the US border into spanish owned land due to poor maps and gets caught at the spanish think he's a spy later gets released and writes a book describing texas as a desirable place to live which brings people to texas

Economic reasons + received free or cheep land to establish ranches or farms + wanted to totally drive natives from texas

What made Anglos want to come to Texas in the 1820s and 1830s

Federal Constitution of 1824

Mexico becomes a republic with natural government + state government→ federalism, mexico was recognized as 19 states and 5 territories

State Colonization Law of 1825

granted by austin de iturbide, secured SFAs land grant→ allowed SFA to bring 300 families to Texas, Only empresarios to operate under this law, and settlers didt have to pay taxes for 6 years

Stephen F. Austin

Man who continues his fathers work of brining 300 families to texas

Martin de Leon

the only empresario to found a colony of primarily mexican settlers

Because Santa anna refused to meet or hear from people how to help texas

why did texas rebel against mexico

Because when Santa anna refused to meet with him he wrote a letter saying to do it anyway and Santa Anna perceived it as him trying to rebel

Why was SFA arrested by Santa anna

By overthrowing president anastacio busmante who was getting overpowered and then winning the people over by saying he will do good for them

how did Santa Anna gain the peoples trust and likings

Santa Anna

Mexican general and president who became power hungry and corrupt

Sam Houston

soldier and politician who became the commander in chief of the professional army established by the consultation

George Childress

author of most of the Texas declaration of independence

William B. Travis

author of the Travis letter and general at the alamo battle who was a colonel for the Texas army

Sam Houston

Texas president who wanted to reduce conflict with the natives, encourage trade, establish line of forts along the frontier

Mirabeau B. Lamar

texas president who wanted rid Texas of the natives

panic of 1837 or the economic depression

what problems did Sam Houston face in his first presidency

The act that made texas the 28th state in the US it was signed by

Us prez James K. Polk and texas Prez Anson Jones in 1845

Texas administration act

1845

year Texas was annexed to texas

wether to annex Texas or not

what was the main issue during president Anson Jones time as president

James Pinckney Henderson

first Texas governor