CHAP 21 LAB

the carina is part of the

trachea

the trachea branches into the right and left

primary bronchi

the epiglottis is part of the

larynx

the most superior portion of the pharynx

nasopharynx

the largest cartilage of the larynx

thyroid cartilage

what type of epithelium is found in the alveoli

simple squamous epithelium

how many lobes does the right lung have

3

what part of the lung rests on the diaphragm

base

expiration

the process of breathing air out as the diaphragm relaxes and the lungs deflate

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

additional amt of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation

inspiration

the act of breathing i air as the diaphragm contracts and the lungs expand

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

the extra volume of air that can be inhaled beyond a normal inhalation

pulmonary ventilation

the movement of air in & out of the lungs enabling gas exchange

spirometry

pulmonary function test used to measure amount of volume and flow of air during breathing

tidal volume (TV)

amount of air inhaled/exhaled during a normal breath

vital capacity (VC)

max amt of air a person can exhale after a max inhalation

aortic and carotid bodies

these sensory structures detect changes in blood oxygen lvls and send signals to regulate breathing

central and peripheral chemoreceptors

central chemoreceptors monitor CO2 in CSF while peripheral chemoreceptors respond to changes in blood pH and O2 lvls

dorsal and ventral respiratory group

dorsal group controls inspiration (quiet breathing) while the ventral group regulates both inspiration and forced expiration

phrenic and intercostal nerves

phrenic nerve stimulate the diaphragm and intercostal nerve control the muscles b/w ur ribs

respiratory pattern generator

located in brainstem, establishes the rhythmic breathing pattern by coordinating nerve impulses

ventilation

the mechanical process of moving air into or out of the lungs to maintain O2 and CO2 exchange

ERV

max vol of air that can be forcibly expired after a tidal expiration

FRC

total amt of air that normally remains in the lungs after expiration

IC

total amt of air that can be inspired (TV+IRV)

IRV

max vol of air that can be forcibly inspired after a tidal inspiration

RV

vol of air that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration

TV

vol of air exchanged w/ normal, quiet breathing

TLC

total amt of exchangeable & nonexchangeable air (VC+RV)

VC

total amt of exchangeable air (TV+ERV+IRV)

peripheral chemoreceptors are located

aortic arch & carotid

the DRG & VRG is locared in the

brainstem

the primary muscles that produce inspiration are the external intercostals and the

diapgragm

as blood lvls of CO2 increase, what happens to breathing rate?

increases

whats primarily responsible for normal, quiet breathing

VRG