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Regarding a Urinalysis, C&S would be expected to be performed if the urine is positive for which of the following:
bacteria
The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the:
renal pelvis
All are functions of urinary system EXCEPT for:
produce and activate vitamin B
Regarding a Urinalysis, a positive nitrite usually indicates positive for
bacteria
Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the:
ureter
Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule by the process of:
filtration
The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the:
collecting tubule
A portion of the nephron that lies within the medulla is the:
loop of henle
Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the:
movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood
The best clinical measure of renal function is:
glomerular filtration rate
Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidney?
regulate WBC production
A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the GFR to:
decrease
The main solute component of urine is:
urea
The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is:
creatinine
The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially impermeable to water is the:
ascending loop of henle
Urine formation involves all the following processes except:
catabolism
When aldosterone is released, ___ is reabsorbed in the blood causing reabsorption of water.
sodium
Which of the following best describes secretion in the formation of urine? The movement of substances out of the:
blood into the tubule
Which of the following best describes secretion in the formation of urine? The movement of substances out of the:
albumin
Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?
plasma proteins
The percentage of water in urine is approximately:
95%
True/False: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration are directly related to systemic blood pressure.
true
True/False: The kidney filters out only harmful and excess material.
false
True/False: The reabsorption of sodium by the peritubular capillaries will cause obligatory water reabsorption.
true
True/False: Both ADH and aldosterone attempt to decrease normal urine output.
true
True/False: The more dilute the urine, the higher the specific gravity.
false
True/False: Glycosuria refers to blood in the urine.
false
True/False: Someone who has exercised strenuously may have some protein in the urine.
true
True/False: A person with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will have a higher-than-normal solute concentration in the urine.
true
True/False: A patient who is dehydrated will usually have a lower specific gravity.
false
Which of the following substances is released by the juxtaglomerular cells?
renin
When the adrenal cortex is stimulated to increase its secretion of aldosterone, the first thing to happen is a(n):
increase in the kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium
The thirst center, which contains specialized cells called osmoreceptors, is located in the:
hypothalamus
Excessive production of ADH would cause?
oliguria
What is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid?
sodium
The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is the:
cortex
All of the following are components of the nephron except the:
renal pelvis
The filtration of the plasma per unit of time is known as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is directly related to the:
perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:
decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles
Renal secretion of renin causes the direct activation of:
angiotensin 1 and 2
True/False: Abnormal urinary tract anatomy is seen in only 5% of the total population
false
true/false; Almost half of all children with renal failure have structural abnormalities in the renal system.
true
true/false; Approximately one-third of the people with horseshoe kidneys are asymptomatic.
true
true/false; Down syndrome is often associated with urinary tract malformations.
false
true/false; Chordee is a congenital defect of the genitourinary tract that results in a ventral curvature of the penis.
true
true/false; Epispadias is found only in males
false
true/false; Exstrophy of the bladder is a congenital anomaly in which the lower urinary tract is exposed directly to the surface of the body
true
true/false; Acute glomerulonephritis is a common cause of renal failure in children
false
true/false; Vesicoureteral reflux is always and only presents bilaterally.
false
true/false; Secondary enuresis refers to a condition in which a child has never been continent.
false
true/false; Organic causes of enuresis are the most common.
false
Upon examination of a child, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the under surface of the penis. This condition is called
hypospadias
If one of the kidneys does not form during embryonic development, the affected child will have a condition called:
renal agenesis
Infants who have bilateral renal agenesis:
are stillborn or die within a few hours of birth
If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, but after a disease affects other parts of the body, an infections, and medicines, it is termed ______ nephrotic syndrome.
secondary
Which of the following conditions is a key sign and symptom of nephrotic syndrome in children?
proteinuria
Glomerulonephritis in children often develops 1 to 3 weeks after which of the following infections?
pharyngeal (throat)
Urinary tract infections are uncommon in newborns, and when they do occur, they are usually:
caused by blood-borne infections
Retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters is known as:
vesicoureteral reflux
Wilms tumors are found in the:
kidneys
Which of the following statements are true about postreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children (select all the apply, there is more than one answer):
postreptococcal glomerulonephritis causes edema in the face, arms, and legs, postreptococcal glomerulonephritis causes hypertension in children, and postreptococcal glomerulonephritis is the result of a noninfectious renal disease
definition of precipitate voiding
Your patient frequently voiding without having an urge to go the bathroom.
definition of stress incontinence
Your patient will often void a small amount of urine while laughing, coughing, or sneezing
definition of paradoxical incontinence
Your patient will void during the day, but complains of their underwear or clothes are often wet with urine during the day.
definition of overflow incontinence
Your patient has the urge to urinate but can release only a small amount, frequent dribbling instead of a stream.