Patho Renal Test

 Regarding a Urinalysis, C&S would be expected to be performed if the urine is positive for which of the following:

bacteria

 The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the:

renal pelvis

All are functions of urinary system EXCEPT for:

produce and activate vitamin B

Regarding a Urinalysis, a positive nitrite usually indicates positive for

bacteria

Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the:

ureter

Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule by the process of:

filtration

The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the:

collecting tubule

 A portion of the nephron that lies within the medulla is the:

loop of henle

Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the:

movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood

 The best clinical measure of renal function is:

glomerular filtration rate

 Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidney?

regulate WBC production

 A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the GFR to:

decrease

The main solute component of urine is:

urea

The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is:

creatinine

 The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially impermeable to water is the:

ascending loop of henle

Urine formation involves all the following processes except:

catabolism

When aldosterone is released, ___ is reabsorbed in the blood causing reabsorption of water.

sodium

Which of the following best describes secretion in the formation of urine? The movement of substances out of the:

blood into the tubule

Which of the following best describes secretion in the formation of urine? The movement of substances out of the:

albumin

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

plasma proteins

The percentage of water in urine is approximately:

95%

 True/False: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration are directly related to systemic blood pressure.

true

True/False: The kidney filters out only harmful and excess material.

false

 True/False: The reabsorption of sodium by the peritubular capillaries will cause obligatory water reabsorption.

true

 True/False: Both ADH and aldosterone attempt to decrease normal urine output.

true

 True/False:    The more dilute the urine, the higher the specific gravity.

false

True/False:   Glycosuria refers to blood in the urine.

false

True/False: Someone who has exercised strenuously may have some protein in the urine.

true

 True/False:  A person with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will have a higher-than-normal solute concentration in the urine.

true

True/False:  A patient who is dehydrated will usually have a lower specific gravity.

false

 Which of the following substances is released by the juxtaglomerular cells?

renin

 When the adrenal cortex is stimulated to increase its secretion of aldosterone, the first thing to happen is a(n):

increase in the kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium

The thirst center, which contains specialized cells called osmoreceptors, is located in the:

hypothalamus

 Excessive production of ADH would cause?

oliguria

What is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid?

sodium

The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is the:

cortex

All of the following are components of the nephron except the:

renal pelvis

The filtration of the plasma per unit of time is known as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is directly related to the:

perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries

The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles

Renal secretion of renin causes the direct activation of:

angiotensin 1 and 2

True/False: Abnormal urinary tract anatomy is seen in only 5% of the total population

false

true/false; Almost half of all children with renal failure have structural abnormalities in the renal system.

true

true/false; Approximately one-third of the people with horseshoe kidneys are asymptomatic.

true

true/false; Down syndrome is often associated with urinary tract malformations.

false

true/false; Chordee is a congenital defect of the genitourinary tract that results in a ventral curvature of the penis.

true

true/false; Epispadias is found only in males

false

true/false; Exstrophy of the bladder is a congenital anomaly in which the lower urinary tract is exposed directly to the surface of the body

true

true/false; Acute glomerulonephritis is a common cause of renal failure in children

false

true/false; Vesicoureteral reflux is always and only presents bilaterally.

false

true/false; Secondary enuresis refers to a condition in which a child has never been continent.

false

true/false; Organic causes of enuresis are the most common.

false

Upon examination of a child, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the under surface of the penis. This condition is called

hypospadias

If one of the kidneys does not form during embryonic development, the affected child will have a condition called:

renal agenesis

Infants who have bilateral renal agenesis:

are stillborn or die within a few hours of birth

If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, but after a disease affects other parts of the body, an infections, and medicines, it is termed ______ nephrotic syndrome.

secondary

Which of the following conditions is a key sign and symptom of nephrotic syndrome in children?

proteinuria

Glomerulonephritis in children often develops 1 to 3 weeks after which of the following infections?

pharyngeal (throat)

Urinary tract infections are uncommon in newborns, and when they do occur, they are usually:

caused by blood-borne infections

Retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters is known as:

 vesicoureteral reflux

Wilms tumors are found in the:

kidneys

Which of the following statements are true about postreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children (select all the apply, there is more than one answer):

postreptococcal glomerulonephritis causes edema in the face, arms, and legs, postreptococcal glomerulonephritis causes hypertension in children, and postreptococcal glomerulonephritis is the result of a noninfectious renal disease

definition of precipitate voiding

Your patient frequently voiding without having an urge to go the bathroom.

definition of stress incontinence

Your patient will often void a small amount of urine while laughing, coughing, or sneezing

definition of paradoxical incontinence

Your patient will void during the day, but complains of their underwear or clothes are often wet with urine during the day.

definition of overflow incontinence

Your patient has the urge to urinate but can release only a small amount, frequent dribbling instead of a stream.