01 Kinetic particle theory

Solid - particulate model of matter

1. at least 2 rows of circles

2. must touch bottom

3. circles do not overlap

4. regular arrangement

Solid - arrangement

very closely packed in an orderly arrangement

Solid - movement

vibrate about fixed position

Solid - forces of attraction

very strong attractive force

Solid - density

very high density

Liquid - particulate model of matter

1. must touch bottom

2. circles cannot overlap

3. irregular arrangement

Liquid - arrangement

very closely packed in disorderly arrangement

Liquid - movement

slide over one another freely

Liquid - forces of attraction

strong attractive force, but weaker than in solid

Liquid - density

high density

Gas - particulate model of matter

1. at least 3 circles

2. circles cannot overlap

3. far apart and some near walls

Gas - arrangement

random and far apart

Gas - movement

move randomly at high speed

Gas - forces of attraction

weak attractive force

Gas - density

low density

Solid → Gas change

sublimation

Gas → solid change

deposition

solid → liquid

liquid → solid

melting, freezing

liquid → gas

gas → liquid

boiling, condensation

Melting — subs in solid state

1. heat gained to increase temperature

2. particles are packed very closely together in an orderly arrangement

3. movement of particles vibrate about fixed position more quickly

4. force of attraction very strong!

Melting — subs in solid + liquid state (flat line temp graph)

1. temperature remain constant

   1. substance undergo change in state; heat gained by particles used to overcome forces of attraction between particles

2. particles move further apart; disorderly arrangement