Vocab Unit 2- States of Matter

Allotropes

one of two or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state

Amorphous Solid

random arrangement of particles, but still has all the properties of solids, EXCEPT a defined melting point; describes a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure; denotes a random arrangement of atoms

Calorimeter

an insulated device used to measure the heat absorbed or released in chemical or physical processes

Compressibility

a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure by reducing the space between particles

Crystal

a solid in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern called a crystal lattice

Endothermic Process

a chemical reaction or physical change/process that absorbs heat from its surroundings

Exothermic Process

a chemical reaction or physical change/process that releases heat to its surroundings

Heat

energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the objects

Heat Capacity

the amount of heat needed to increase the temp of an object exactly 1 degree celsius

Kinetic Energy

the energy an object has because of its motion

Law of Conservation of Energy

in any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed

Molar Heat Capacity

amount of heat required to raise 1 mole of a substances by 1 degree Kelvin or OCCUR

NBP (normal boiling point)

the boiling point of a liquid at pressure of 101.3 kPa or 1 atm

Phase Diagram

a graph showing the conditions(different temperatures and pressures) at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor

Specific Heat

the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 degree Celsius; aka specific heat capacity per gram

Triple Point

the point on a phase diagram that represents the only set of conditions at which all three phases exist in equilibrium with one another

Vapor Pressure

the measure of the pressure of gaseous molecules at the surface of a liquid (measure of volatility)

Volatility

the tendency for liquid molecules to become a gas at the surface of a liquid