Phase 1

hormones, endocrinology

anterior pituitary AKA

adenohypophysis

posterior pituitary AKA

neurohypophysis

hormones from hypothalamus travel to anterior pituitary via what

hypothalamus hypophysis portal system (blood)

what hormones does the hypothalamus produce for the posterior pituitary

oxytocin and ADH

function of oxytocin

social bonding, milk ejection and uterine contractions

function of ADH

reabsorption of water in renal system to prevent urination, increases blood volume and pressure

what kind of tissue is the anterior pituitary

epithelial

what kind of tissue is the posterior pituitary

neural

characteristics of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

direct and high concentration ability

what is a hormone agonist

hormone analog that binds to receptor and mimics biological action w

what is a hormone antagonist

hormone analog that bind to receptors and prevent normal biological response from happening

what ways can hormone secretion be controlled

humoral

neural

feedback mechanisms

T/F: endocrine glands release into ducts

false, they are ductless glands releasing into blood

what system has these characteristics

transmit via blood

prolonged and slow response

increased signal strength with more in blood

endorcine system

what system has the following characteristics

chemical messengers transmitted via synaptic clefts

rapid response

short lasting

increase signals sent, increases strength

nervous system

what pathology is described by the following

excessive skeletal growht and early closure of epiphysis

hyperthyroidism

what pathology is characterized by the following?

younger bone age and rate of growth, short stature

hypothyroidism

what pathology is characterized by the following?

hyperexicitability

hyperreflexia

irritability

hypermania

hyperthyroidism

what pathology is characterized by the following?

mental retardation

listlessness

slowed movement

impaired memory

decreased mental capacity

depression

lethargic/fatigued

delayed deep tendon reflex relaxation

hypothyroidism

what pathology is characterized by the following?

increased BMR

weight loss

insomnia

increased body temp

intolerance to heat

perspiration

increased bowel movements

hyperthroidism

what pathology is characterized by the following?

decreased BMR

weight gain

intolerance to cold

decreased appetite

constipation

hypothryoidism

what pathology is characterized by the following?

fine straight hair

soft nails

scant menses

decreased fertility

tachycardia

proximal muscle weakness

moist skin

hyperthyroidism

what pathology is characterized by the following?

myalgia

arthralgia

thin brittle nails

hair thinning

bradycardia

goiter

pale, cool, edemic skin

hypothyroidism

what is grave’s disease characterized by?

hyperthyroidism

exophthalmos

skin thickening in lower leg

what enzyme turns T4 in to T3

deiodinase

T4 AKA

thyroxine

tetraiodothyronine

T3 AKA

triiodothyronine

what form of thyroid hormone is most active

T3

what form of thyroid hormone is most numerous

T4

what do you call the middle of the thyroid follicles

colloid

what is found in the colloid in thyroid follicles

thyroglobulin, a precurosor to thyroid hormones

what causes thyroglobin to become active thyroid hormone

iodination

thhyroid homones act as what kind of hormone

steroid

what are chracteristics of thyroid hormones that make them like steroid hormones

travel via carriers

have a long ½ life

low water solubility

act at the DNA level

increase gene transcription