HH Test

Mercantilism

aimed to build a powerful state by maximizing exports and minimizing imports

Navigation Acts (encated in 1651)

Laws requiring colonies to trade mainly with Britain, reinforcing mercantilism

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

Proposed by B. Franklin for colonial unity to help defend against the French dueinf the war, failed

Battle of Quebec (1759)

British forces defeated the French outside Quebec, a decisive victory that helped Britain take control of Canada and win the war

Pontiac's Rebellion (1763)

A coalition of Native American tribes led by Pontiac, attacked British forts after the war, resisting British expansion into their land (in the Great Lakes region, the Ohio Valley, and parts of Western Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan)

Proclamation of 1763

Britain banned colonial settlement west of the Appalacian Mountains to prevent conflicts with Native Americans, angering colonists who wanted western land

Sugar Act (1764)

A tax on sugar and molasses meant to raise revenue for Britain after the F&I War, increased colonial resentment

Stamp Act (1765)

Required official stamps on newspapers and legal documents, leading to colonial "taxation without representation", increased colonial resentment

Stamp Act Congress (1765)

Representatives from several colonies met to organize a united protest/boycott against the Stamp Act

Declatory Act (1766)

Parliament repealed the Stamp Act but asserted it still had full authority to make laws for the colonies

Boston Massacre (1770)

British soliders fired on a crowd of colonists in Boston, killing five and fueling anti-British sentiment

Committees of Correspondence (1772)

Groups created to share information and coordinate resistance against Britain among the colonies

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Colonists disguised as Mohawk "Indians" dumped British tea into the Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act

Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) (1774)

Punitive laws implimented by Britain that closed the Boston Harbor and limited colonial self-government to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party

First Continental Congress (1774)

Delegates from twelve colonies met in Philadelphia to coordinate resistance and demand colonial rights

Lexington and Concord (1775)

The First battles of the Rev. War, when British troops marching to seize colonial weapons clashed with colonial militias (colonists won)

Battle of Fort Ticonderoga (1775)

Colonial forces captured a stragetic British fort and its artillery, which were later used to help force the British out of Boston

Second Continental Congress (1775)

Colonial leaders formed a national government and organized the Continental Army

George Washington (1775)

Appointed commander of the Continental Army to lead colonial forces against Britain

Battle of Bunker Hill (1775)

During the Siege of Boston in the first stage of the American Revolutionary War, although the British won the battle near boston, heavy British losses showed that colonial militia could fight the professional British army

Olive Branch Petition (1775)

A final attempt bu the colonies to avoid war by asking King George III to restore peace

Common Sense (1776)

Pamphlet by Thomas Painse arguing that independence from Brtiain was logical and necessary

Battle of Long island (1776)

A major British victory that forced Washington's army to retreat from NY and nearly ended the rebellion early

Battle of Trenton (1776)

Washington crossed the Delaware River and surpised Hessian troops, boosting Patriot morale after earlier defeats

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

American forces defeated British General John Burgoyne, a turning point that convinced France to support the American cause

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

American and French forces trapped British troops under Charles Cornwallies, leading to the effective end of the war

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Treaty where Britain of officially recognized the independence of the United States

The Patriots

Colonists who supported the independence and fought against the British rule during the Rev. War

The Loyalists

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed independence

Samuel Adams (1760s-70s 😂)

A radical Patriot leader who helped organize protests like the Boston Tea Party

War of 1812 begins (June 18, 1812)

The United States declared war on Britain due to trade restrictions, British impressment of American sailors, and conflicts on the western frontier

Battle Strategy of the War of 1812

The U.S. attemped to invade Canada and defend its coastline, while Britain used naval power and raids to pressure the young nation