ESKAPE pathogen characteristics

Gram (+)

Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus

Gram (-)

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp.

Bacillus

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp.

Coccus

Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus

Coccobacillus

Acinetobacter baumannii

Facultative anaerobe

Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp.

Obligate aerobe

Acinetobacter baumannii

Pairs, short chains

Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii

Grapelike clusters

Staphylococcus aureus

Single

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp.

Enterococcus faecium is resistant to:

Vancomycin, teicoplanin (glycopeptides), norfloxacin (quinolones)

Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to:

Methicillin (Beta-lactam), vancomycin (glycopeptides)

Klebsiella pneumoniae is resistant to:

Ciprofloxacin (quinolones), most aminoglycosides, most B-lactams, doxycycline (tetracyclines), cotrimoxazole (sulfonamides)

Acinetobacter baumannii is resistant to:

Carbepenems, cephalosporins (Beta-lactams), fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides

Psuedomonas aeruginosa is resistant to:

Carbepenems, monobactams (B lactams), aminoglycosides, quinolones

Enterobacter sp. is resistant to:

Ampicillin, first-generation cephalosporins, and sometimes broader-spectrum cephalosporins (all Beta-lactams)

E. faecium safe relative:

E. raffinosus

S. aureus safe relative:

S. epidermis

K. pneumoniae safe relative:

E. coli

A baumannii safe relative:

A. baylyi:)

P. aeruginosa safe relative:

P. putida

Enterobacter sp. safe relative:

E. aerogenes