Practical

Origin, insertion, actions, and purposeful activities

erector spinae group actions

unilaterally: flex vertebral column to same side

bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

erector spinae group purposeful activities

maintaining an upright position for ADLs/IADLs

erector spinae group insertion

various attachments at the posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, and mastoid process of temporal bone

erector spinae group origin

common tendon that attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, and spinous processes of the lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae

multifidi and rotatores purposeful activities

tai chi or yoga (deep postural stability)

multifidi and rotatores actions

unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side; bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

multifidi insertion

spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra, span 2-4

multifidi origin

sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

rotatores insertion

spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae, span 1-2

rotatores origin

transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

semispinalis capitis purposeful activities

looking overhead, using a computer

semispinalis capitis actions

extend the vertebral column and head

semispinalis capitis insertion

between superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput

semispinalis capitis origin

transverse processes of C4-T5

splenius capitis and cervicis purposeful activities

social interaction, driving

splenius capitis and cervicis actions

unilaterally: rotate head and neck to same side, laterally flex head and neck to same side; bilaterally: extend the head and neck

splenius capitis insertion

mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line

splenius capitis origin

spinous processes of C7-T4, inferior half of nuchal ligament

splenius cervicis insertion

transverse processes of C1-C3

splenius cervicis origin

spinous processes of T3-T6

suboccipitals purposeful activities

reading a book, scanning a computer screen

suboccipitals actions

rock and tilt head back into extension, rotate head to same side, laterally flex head to same side

suboccipitals insertion

occipital bone or atlas

suboccipitals origin

C1 or C2

quadratus lumborum purposeful activities

lifting, walking

quadratus lumborum actions

unilaterally: laterally tilt pelvis, laterally flex vertebral column to same side, assist to extend the vertebral column

bilaterally: fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation

quadratus lumborum insertion

last rib and transverse processes of L1-L4

quadratus lumborum origin

posterior iliac crest

intertransversarii purposeful activities

stabilizing and contributing to lateral flexion between vertebrae

intertransversarii actions

n/a; little to no movement

intertransversarii insertion

above transverse processes in lumbar and cervical regions

intertransversarii origin

transverse processes in lumbar and cervical regions

interspinales purposeful activities

contribute to trunk extension

interspinales actions

contributing to trunk extension

interspinales insertion

spinous processes of above vertebrae in lumbar and cervical regions

interspinales origin

spinous processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

sternocleidomastoid purposeful activities

socializing, driving, watching an athletic event

sternocleidomastoid actions

unilaterally: laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side; bilaterally: flex the neck, assist to elevate ribcage during inhalation

sternocleidomastoid insertion

mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

sternocleidomastoid origin

top of manubrium and medial third of clavicle

scalenes purposeful activities

driving, deep breathing with exertion (running, cycling)

scalenes actions

unilaterally: laterally flex the head and neck to same side with the ribs fixed, rotate head and neck to opposite side

bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhalation

scalenes insertion

1st or 2nd rib

scalenes origin

C3-C8

rectus abdominis purposeful activities

lower body dressing, bed mobility (supine to sit)

rectus abdominis actions

flex the vertebral column, tilt pelvis posteriorly

rectus abdominis insertion

costal cartilage 5-7, xiphoid process

rectus abdominis origin

pubic crest, pubic symphysis

transverse abdominis purposeful activities

carrying a child or pet (increasing intra-abdominal pressure to stabilize lumbar spine)

transverse abdominis actions

compress abdominal contents

transverse abdominis insertion

rectus sheath to linea alba

transverse abdominis origin

iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, internal surface of ribs 7-12

internal obliques purposeful activities

bed mobility, playing a racket sport, lifting

internal obliques actions

unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side, rotate vertebral column to same side; bilaterally: flex vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

internal obliques insertion

internal surface of ribs 10-12, rectus sheath to linea alba

internal obliques origin

lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

external obliques purposeful activities

bed mobility, lifting

external obliques actions

unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to same side, rotate vertebral column to opposite side

bilaterally: flex vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

external obliques insertion

anterior part of iliac crest, rectus sheath to linea alba

external obliques origin

external surface of ribs 5-12

intercostals purposeful activities

singing, playing the trumpet (deep breathing)

intercostals actions

draw ribs superiorly to assist with inhalation, draw ribs inferiorly to assist with exhalation

intercostals insertion

superior border of the rib below

intercostals origin

inferior border of rib above

C7 vertebra

most prominent spinous process, last of cervical vertebrae

T3 vertebra

level with scapular spines

T12 vertebra

level with head of 12th rib

L4 vertebra

level with superior border of iliac crest

TMJ

synovial joint connecting mandible and temporal bone

occipital protuberance

bony bump located at the back of the skull, near the base of the neck

nuchal lines

four curved lines on the external surface of the occipital bone

vertebral arch

bony ring that surrounds the vertebral foramen