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24 Terms

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Hypothalamus

  •  Located below the thalamus in the brain; regulates pituitary gland.

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Pituitary Gland

Attached to the hypothalamus; anterior pituitary secretes hormones like FSH, LH, ACTH, and TSH; posterior releases oxytocin and ADH

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Thyroid Gland

  • Butterfly-shaped gland in the neck; secretes thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and calcitonin

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Parathyroid Glands

  • Small glands behind the thyroid; regulate calcium with PTH.

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Adrenal Glands

  • On top of the kidneys; medulla releases epinephrine/norepinephrine, cortex releases cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.

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Pancreas

  • Behind the stomach; secretes insulin and glucagon for blood glucose regulation.

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Gonads

  • Ovaries (estrogen, progesterone) and testes (testosterone).

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Growth Hormone (GH):

  • Stimulates growth and metabolism.

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Cortisol

Stress hormone; increases blood glucose.

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Aldosterone

  • Regulates sodium and water balance.

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Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Fight-or-flight responses.

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Goldfish:Insulin

  • Caused hypoglycemia (goldfish became lethargic).

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Goldfish GLucagon

  • Reversed hypoglycemia (goldfish returned to normal activity).

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