Active Recall 1

Cushings Triad

1. Signs and Symptoms

2. Causes

1. Bradycardia

2. Irregular resipirations

3. Widened pulse pressure

4. Blurred vision, HA, Vomiting, weakness

CAUSES

1. Head injury

2. Bleeding in brain

3. Tumors

4. Infections

5. Extra fluid in brain

6. Stroke

Skin that is color and texture of orange. What does it does it possibly be sign of

Peau d'orange (French for "orange peel skin")

Cancer

3 muscle tissue types

1. Skeletal

2. Smooth

3. Cardiac - Intercalated disks

What are beta blockers used for?

How do they work?

1. Heart attacks or failure

2. Arrhythmias

3. Angina

4. Hypertension

5. Protecting heart after heart attack

They work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors that epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine bind to.

What is rhabdomyolysis

Rapid breakdown of damaged skeletal muscle. Can cause acute kidney injury.

Releases toxic intracellular components like myoglobin into blood stream.

What age do recital temps need to be taken?

12 months old or lower

Norovirus signs and symptoms

How long does it take to appear and how long does it last

1. Nausea

2. Vomiting (intense)

3. Diarrhea (watery)

4. Stomach pain

12-48 hours and 1-3 days

What makes and what secretes ADH? What is the goal of ADH?

1. Hypothalamus

2. Posterior Pituitary gland releases to bloodstream

Raising blood pressure

Pulsus Paradoxis

Decrease in systolic blood pressure greater than 10mm Hg during inspiration caused by a decrease in venous return

Name 8 major bacterial diseases

1. TB

2. Pneumonia

3. Strep throat

4. UTI

5. Food poisoning

6. STI

7. Lyme disease

8. Tetanus

What is hematocrit and what is measuring

Measure of the percentage if RBC in bloods, indicating oxygen carry capacity.

3 stages of shock

1. Compensated shock

2. Uncompensated (Progressive) shock

3. Irreversible (Refractory) shock

5 medication rights

1. Right medication

2. Dose

3. Time

4. Route

5. Patient

What do Gonads do and what are the organs

They Produce Gametes (egg and sperm cells)

Ovaries and Testes

What is Eliquis

Blood thinner, anticoagulant

4 causes of inadequate tissue perfusion (Shock classifications)

1. Hypovolemic shock

2. Cardiogenic shock

3. Distributive shock (vasodialation)

4. Obstructive shock (blockage heart or great vessels)

Gas exchange in the respiratory system takes place in the —- which are located in —-

Alveoli

Alveolar Sacs

1. Organ involved in Carb and Protein metabolism and produces bile

2. What stores bile

1. Liver

2. Gallbladder

Normal PLATELET value range

150,000 to 450,000

Apherisis

Remove blood from body, filter some components out, and then return the blood back to body

Ex.

Aquaphersis- removes excess water from body, tx for CHF

Zofran

Zofran, or ondansetron, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. It works by blocking certain chemicals in the body that trigger these symptoms.

What type of diet should someone with acute diverticulitis follow and why do it?

Clear liquid diet, NPO, or low fiber could be prescribed

because it allows the bowels to rest.

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia normal and advanced

• Mnemonic: "Cold and clammy, need some candy" (or sugar).

• Symptoms: Cold, clammy skin, shakiness, sweating, dizziness, hunger, fast heartbeat, irritability, confusion.

• Mnemonic: TIRED.

  • Tachycardia (fast heart rate)

  • Irritability/Anxiety

  • Restlessness

  • Excessive hunger

  • Diaphoresis (sweating)/Dizziness 

General

1. Shaking, sweating and pallor

2. Hunger

3. Tachycardia and palpitations

4. Anxiety and restlessness

Advanced

1. Behavior changes, irritability

2. Confusion

3. Headache

4. Drowsiness

5. Slurred speech

6. Weakness

7. Blurred vision

Signs and symptoms of hperglycemia

Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)

• Mnemonic: "Hot and dry, sugar's high".

• Symptoms:

  Hot, dry skin, increased thirst, frequent urination (polyuria), fatigue, blurred vision

1. Fatigue and AMS

2. ABD pain

3. Volume depletion (tachycardia, hypotension, dry skin, dry mucous membranes, poor skin tugor)

4. Kussmaul respirations (rapid deep breathing to compensate and eliminate CO2)

Best place to check for cyanosis on dark skinned individual.

Oral mucous membranes

Two general regions of nervous system and what they contain

What does each do

What are the specialized cells

1. CNS - Brain and Spinal Cord

2. PNS - Nerves

The PNS provides sensory information to the CNS. Then the CNS processes that info and executes motor functions or regulates body mechanisms.

Neurons and Glia

CBC meaning, what it actually tests and what it’s testing for

1. Complete Blood Count

2. testing RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MVC

3. Testing for anemia, infection, kidney disease and leukemia

How much in liters can your stomach hold apprx

2 liters

Explain the RAAS system steps starting with BP

1. BP drops

2. Sympathetic Nervous System stimulates the Kidneys Juxtaglomerular cells.

3. These JG cells releases Renin into blood stream.

4. The Renin acts on the substance Angiotensinogen that’s in the blood circulation, its produced the Liver

5. Angiotensinogen turns into ANGIOTENSIN 1 by Renin

6. ACE found on endothelium of Lungs and Kidney converts Angiotensin 1 to ANGIOTENSIN 2.

7. Angiotensin 2 constricts blood vessels and increase blood volume.

8. Angiotensin 2 also stimulates the below

   Kidneys - retain Sodium and Water

   Adrenal cortex - Aldosterone to retain water and sodium. BUT excretes potassium

   Posterior Pituitary Gland releases ADH to retain water

Feces remain in —- until expelled by —

Rectum

Anus

Another name for ADH

Vasopressin

What are the two parts of the skeletal system and what does each contain

1. Axial Skeleton - Skull, spine, ribs

2. Appendicular Skeleton - Limbs and pelvis

What is a DAI

Diffuse axonal injury

Widespread injury to white matter of brain.

Shearing of nerve fibers and stretching of blood vessels.

What converts Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)

1. What does Digoxin treat?

2. How does it work?

3. What Class is Digoxin?

4. What is the therapeutic range?

5. At what HR should you hold and what is the pulse called your checking?

6. Side effects from early to late

1. Heart failure, A-fib, A-flutter, Cardiogenic shock

1. Squeezes stronger (Positive Inotropic action),

   beats slower (negative Chronotropic action),

   slows impulse through AV node ( negative dromotropic action)

1. CLASS = Cardiac Glycoside

1. 0.5 - 2.0 ng/mL is therapeutic range

1. Hold if Apical pulse is

   <60 for adults

   <70 for children

   <90-100 for infants

1. N/V to vision changes to EKG changes, bradycardia and headache

In digestion the most absorption happens in

Small intestine

Brudzinskis sign. What it is testing and how do you do it.

1. Meningitis

2. Lift back of neck, legs will flex up , lots of pain

What is Chvosek Sign

Facial muscle twitching

Cranial nerve 7 (facial nerve)

Happens in pts with hypocalcemia and/or hypomagnesia

Tap on masseter muscle (angle of mandible) if positive facial muscles will contract

Which one is bad cholesterol

LDL

Statins treat

Treat High cholesterol by

• Lowers LDL

• Increase HDL

• Lowers triglycerides

Also treats

• stabilize fatty plaque in CAD

How does a statin work

Inhibits an enzyme called “HMG-CoA reductase”

can’t convert mevalonic acid

so can’t synthesize cholesterol anymore

What is Statin induced rhabdomyolysis and what are signs

Signs are

• increased creatine kinase

• Dark urine

• Kidney damage

Pedi can sit up without support around the age of

6 months

Pedi can smile at parents at what age

6 weeks

Pedi can hold stuff like rattle around

2 months

3 parts of small intestine

DJ Ivan

Goes from top exiting stomach (D)

• Duodenum

• Jejunum

• Ileum

Pedi can pass rattle from one hand to another at what age

6 months

Pedi afraid of stranger around

6 months