feudalism
politicial and social order that developed during the middle ages and royal governments were no longer able to defend subjects
knight
under feudalism, a member of the heavily armored cavalry
vassal
under feudalism a man who served a lord in a military capacity
feudal contract
under feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lard and his vassal
chivalry
in the middle ages the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility;it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold
carruca
a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare
serf
in medieval europe, a peasent legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to lords control
manor
in medieval europe, an agricultural estate that a lord ran and peseants worked
bourgeoisie
the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
medieval
of or relating to the middle ages
common law
a uniform system of law that developed in england based on court decisions and on customs and usage rather than on written law codes
magna carta
the “great charter” of rights which king john was forced to sign by english nobles at runnymede in 1215
parliament
in 13th century england the representative government that emerged
sacrament
a christian right
heresy
the denial of basic church doctrines
crusades
military expeditions carried out by european christians in the middle ages to regain the holy land from the muslims
infidel
an unbeliever; applied to muslims during crusades