GCSE Edexel B Geography Paper 1 Flashcards
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Q: When was Cyclone Nargis and what was its category?
A: 2008, category 5
Q: When was Hurricane Katrina and what was its category?
A: 2005, category 3
Q: When was the Haiti Earthquake and what was its magnitude?
A: 2010, 7.0 magnitude
Q: When was the Japan Earthquake + Tsunami and what was its magnitude?
A: 2011, 9.0 magnitude
Q: Where did Cyclone Nargis occur?
A: Myanmar – developing country
Q: What category was Cyclone Nargis at landfall?
A: Category 5
Q: How many people did Cyclone Nargis kill?
A: 140,000 people
Q: What was the storm surge height for Cyclone Nargis?
A: 7.6 metres
Q: How many were made homeless by Cyclone Nargis?
A: 1 million people
Q: Why were impacts of Cyclone Nargis so severe?
A: Warnings ignored, no evacuations, no storm defences
Q: How did the Myanmar government initially respond to Cyclone Nargis?
A: Ignored international aid for a week
Q: What improvements followed Cyclone Nargis?
A: Evacuation committees formed, 50 shelters built, mangroves restored, mobile alerts introduced
Q: Where did Hurricane Katrina occur?
A: USA – developed country
Q: What category was Hurricane Katrina at landfall?
A: Category 3
Q: How many people did Hurricane Katrina kill?
A: 1,800
Q: What was the storm surge height for Hurricane Katrina?
A: 8.5 metres
Q: Why were the impacts of Hurricane Katrina severe despite development?
A: Storm defences failed, poor evacuation
Q: What was the cost of damages from Hurricane Katrina?
A: $1.8 billion
Q: How much was spent on repairs and improvements after Katrina?
A: $14 billion
Q: What improvements were made after Hurricane Katrina?
A: Storm defences upgraded, pump stations flood-proofed
Q: What was the magnitude of the Haiti earthquake (2010)?
A: 7.0
Q: How many were killed in the Haiti earthquake?
A: 300,000
Q: How much did Haiti earthquake cost in repairs?
A: $8 billion
Q: How many were made homeless in Haiti?
A: 1 million
Q: What hindered aid delivery in Haiti?
A: Blocked roads, broken port, unusable airport
Q: What disease outbreak occurred after Haiti’s earthquake?
A: Cholera – killed 8,000
Q: What economic impact did the Haiti earthquake have?
A: 1 in 5 jobs lost in clothing factories
Q: Short term relief of Haiti earthquake.
A: 14 teams of mobile medical clinics, Red Cross send aid, some aid sent through Dominican Republic.
Q: Long term planning of Haiti earthquake.
A: Run drills on small scale, gives emegency services opportunity to develop.
Q: What was the magnitude of the Japan earthquake (2011)?
A: 9.0
Q: How many were killed in the Japan earthquake?
A: 20,000
Q: How many were made homeless in Japan?
A: 350,000
Q: What nuclear disaster followed the Japan earthquake?
A: Two reactors went into meltdown (Fukushima)
Q: What was the economic cost of the Japan earthquake?
A: $235 billion
Q: Short term relief of Japan earthquake.
International aid from China, India, USA, rescue workers sent, 140 000 evacuated from area around nuclear plant.
Q: How does Japan prepare for earthquakes?
A: Earthquake-proof buildings, cross bracing, national earthquake drill.
Q: Where is Mt Pinatubo located?
A: Philippines – developing country
Q: What type of volcano is Mt Pinatubo?
A: Composite with andesitic and basaltic lava
Q: What was the temperature of Pinatubo’s pyroclastic flow?
A: 800°C
Q: How many people were killed by Mt Pinatubo?
A: 140,000
Q: How many were evacuated due to Mt Pinatubo?
A: 68,000
Q: How many were made unemployed by Pinatubo?
A: 650,000
Q: What was the cost of repairs after Pinatubo?
A: $500 million
Q: What environmental effects did Pinatubo cause?
A: Coral bleaching, SO₂ release, temperature dropped 1°C for 5 days
Q: Short term relief of Pinatubo eruption.
A: 75 000 evacuated, aid from USA and Red Cross.
Q: Long term responses of Pinatubo eruption.
A: Communities resettled, improved research.
Q: Where is Eyjafjallajökull located?
A: Iceland – developed country
Q: What type of volcano is Eyjafjallajökull?
A: Composite volcano
Q: How many were killed by Eyjafjallajökull?
A: None
Q: How many were evacuated in Iceland?
A: 1,200
Q: What economic impact did Eyjafjallajökull have on aviation?
A: $1.1 billion loss due to grounded flights
Q: How many UK passengers were stranded by Eyjafjallajökull?
A: 150,000
Q: What were the wider global impacts of Eyjafjallajökull?
A: Flights stopped across Europe, Kenyan farmers lost income
Q: Short-term responses to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption.
A: Livestock moved, Red Cross provided aid etc.
Q: Long-term responses to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption.
A: Volcano monitoring, tourism promotion.
Q: What type of country is Malawi?
A: Landlocked, 85% rural, heavily indebted
Q: What are Malawi’s main economic issues?
A: Reliant on primary products, exploited by TNCs, colonial legacy
Q: What stage of Rostow’s model is Malawi in?
A: Stage 1 – Traditional society
Q: What type of country is India?
A: Emerging country; 2nd largest population; largest democracy
Q: What fraction of India’s population lives in slums?
A: ¼
Q: What are India’s environmental features?
A: 3rd greatest greenhouse gas emitter, rich biodiversity
Q: What are India’s social features?
A: Low birth and fertility rates, low dependency ratio, low death rate
Q: What are India’s economic strengths?
A: Trade liberalisation, improved transport, FDI multiplier effect
Q: How did India’s population and slum rate change (1971–2001)?
A: Population from 8 to 21 million; slum dwellers from 75% to 57%
Q: Who are India’s main competitors?
A: UAE, China, and Asian Tigers
Q: Example of top-down development in India?
A: BT outsourcing – employs locals, improves infrastructure
Q: Example of bottom-up development in India?
A: Biogas – cow dung used as fuel, allows girls to attend school
Q: Key facts about Maharashtra (Mumbai)?
A: Large port, limited growth space, differs from Hoyt model
Q: What share of GDP and exports does Maharashtra hold?
A: 1/6 of GDP and 40% of exports
Q: What is Vision Mumbai (top-down)?
A: Restored green spaces, 300 toilet blocks, wider roads, safer trains, improved water systems
Q: What is LSS (bottom-up)?
A: Reduced leprosy, provides education and jobs, supports families
Q: Name 3 natural causes of climate change.
A: Volcanic eruptions, solar output, orbital changes
Q: What do volcanic eruptions do to change the climate?
A: Releases ash, which blocks sunlight, results in global cooling.
Q: What does solar output do to change the climate?
A: More sunspots lead to more energy heating the planet.
Q: What does the orbital theory do to change the climate?
A: Earth’s orbit changes from being circular to eliptical (oval) over 100 000 years, varying solar radiation recieved by earth.
Earth has axil tilt: greater tilt means seasons are more pronounced and vice versa.
Q: Name 3 human causes of climate change.
A: Burning fossil fuels, agriculture, deforestation.
Q: What does the burning fossil fuels do to change the climate?
A: More ghg are produced like CO2, leads to enhanced greenhouse effect.
Q: What does the agriculture do to change the climate?
A: paddy fields/breeding of cattle leads to methane produced, which is ghg, leads to enhanced greenhouse effect.
Q: What does the deforestation do to change the climate?
A: Trees cut down are carbon sinks, release CO2. Trees cut down cannot take in CO2, leads to enhanced greenhouse effect.