APUSH-Great Depression

Great Depression

The worst economic slowdown in American history that occurred from around 1929-1939

Bank run

A financial crisis that occurs when many people try to take their money out of the bank all at once; can lead to bank failure

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, 1930

Legislation that further raised tariffs on foreign goods

Stock Marker Crash

The tremendous loss of value of the stock market in a short period of time

Dust Bowl

An area of the Great Plains that experienced huge dust storms during the Great Depression

20th Amendment

Lameduck Amendment; shorted the time between the Novemeber election and the inaugration of the New President

Bonus Army

Unemployed WW1 vets who went to Washington to seek early payment of their military bonus

Hoovervilles

Crudely bulit camps usually on the edge of town that acted as shelter for those who had lost jobs and homes

21st Amendment

Repealed the 18th Amendment to reverse Prohibition

Bank Holiday

A time when banks are closed for business; in 1933 FDR declared a 4-day holifay for banks to be inspected. Approved banks were allowed to reopen

Fireside Chats

Radio addresses by FDR to keep the American people informed and explain government policies

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

total market value of all finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders

Hundred Days

The Flurry of New Deal legislation passed in the first 100 days of FDR’s presidency

New Deal

Program implemented by President FDR in an attempt toend the Great Depression

Deficit Spending

The government practice of spending more money than is collected from taxes and other sources

Keynesian economics

The idea that the governmnet should spend money during a recession to stimulate the economy

Roosevelt Recession

Another slowdown in the economy in 1928. Resulted from the president decreasing spending on relief programs

Congress of Industrial Orginization (CIO)

Union that split from the AFL to represent unskilled workers in various industries

Court Packing Bill

Legislation proposed by FDR to add more justices (who would be more favorable to his New Deal legislation) to the Supreme Court

Second New Deal

Additional new Deal legislation beginning in 1935 aimed toward reform

Sit-down Strike

A strike where workers sit down and occupy the factory rather than walking out to the man picket lines

Hurbert Hoover, 31st President

Republican; Blamed for the Great Depression (1929-1933)

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), 32nd Presidenet

Democrat; Serves 4 consecutive terms (1933-1945)

Dorothea Lange

Photographer who documented the hardships of America during the Great Depression

John Stienbeck

author whp wrote about the hard times of the Depression, including the novel, Grapes of Wrath