Instrumental conditioning

Instrumental conditioning

involves explicit training to learn the contingency between voluntary behaviours and their consequences

Stamping in

behaviour that produce positive consequence and produced frequently

Stamped out

behaviours that produce negative consequences and less frequently performed

Law of Effect

1) Behaviour that produce positive consequences are stamped in and preformed more frequently

2) Behaviour that produce negative consequences are stamped out and preformed less frequently

Reinforcer

any stimulus that is present after a response that impacts the frequency that the response is performed

Reward training

presentation of positive reinforcer, increase frequency of behaviour

Punishment

presentation of negative reinforcer, decrease frequency of behaviour

Omission training

removal of positive reinforcer, decrease frequency of behaviour

Escape training

removal of negative reinforcer, increase frequency of behaviour

Acquisition

leads to learning a contingency between a response and consequence

Autoshaping

where cat/pigeon learn escape after several times by pulling a rope without guidance

Shaping by successive approximation

the complex behaviour can be organized into smaller approximations which gradually build up to the full response we hope to achieve, each reinforcement is present with reward

Chaining

a technique used to develop a sequence of behaviour, each behaviour is reinforced with the opportunity to perform the next behaviour ins sequence

SD

Discriminative stimulus

SD+

signals when a contingency between a behaviour and reinforcement is on

SD-

a cue indicating when contingent relationship is not valid

SD Generalization Gradient

still responds to different shades of colours

Continuous reinforcement

a response leads to a reinforcer on every single trial

Partial reinforcement

a réponse leads to a reinforcer not on every single trial

Ratio

a reinforcement based on number of responses made by subject, which determines which reinforcement is given

Interval

a reinforcement based on the time since the last response was reinforced

Fixed ratio

pigeons must peck 3 times to get reward. Ratio strain. Pause and Run pattern.

Variable ratio

reinforcement is delivered after some random number of responses. diagonal line.

Fixed interval

reinforcement is deliver following the first response after a set interval time. scalloped graph

Variable interval

receive reinforcement at any time though you do have an idea how often reinforcement is given

Extinction

refer to the stopping of desired behaviour once reinforcement is no longer given