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Criminology
Scientific study of crime
“Systematic study of eitology (Cause of condition), prevention, control and treatment which aims to produce carious forms of scientific, professional, and practical knowledge.”
Criminologists
Individuals who study crime using research
Qualitative
Uses nonnumeric data
Quantitative
Uses numerical data to study or investigate
Part 1 Crimes (1)
Criminal Homicide (1)
Part 2 Crimes (1)
Simple Assault (1)
Centralized Police Model
Centralized model has their State Agency that patrols the freeways as well as investigate crimes
Decentralized Policing Model
Some states break up the highway patrol from their criminal investigations
North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
Highway patrol
State Bureau of Investigation
Eustress
Makes you better
Motivates you to take on positive action
Supernatural
Oldest Perspective to explain crime was:
“Diabolic Possession and Instigation”
Distress
Threatens an individual’s functioning or can overload a person’s capacity to cope
Heavy caseload, inadequate equipment, etc...
Classical Perspective
Instead of a person’s fate being controlled by evil spirits, the classical perspective takes the position that human beings exercise free will
Casare Beccaria (1738-1794)
Believed that people were rational and exercised free will where they calculated if their actions would result in pleasure or pain
Therefore, the law and punishment should only be severe enough to deter individuals from committing crimes.
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
English Philosopher
Believed people were self-indulgent
Always seeking maximum pleasure while minimizing the amount of pain related to their actions.
Bentham Proposed
For punishment to be effective
Swift
Certain that punishment will follow misbehavior
Proportionally severe (but not excessive) to the crime that was committed
Punishment should be used as a means of reforming the criminal, incapacitating him from repeating crimes and deterring others from similar misbehavior
Physiognomists
Studied facial features and tried to show criminal behavior
Example: Based on the shape of the eyes and ears
Phrenologists
Maintained the belief the external shape of the skull and the individuals likely hood to engage in crime.
Id
Contains the unconscious primitive drives or behaviors
Ego
Is the “rational side” of the personality
Superego
Contains the “moral and social standards which guide behavior”
Conformist
Seeks wealth by legitimate means to attain the end goal
Goes to college, gets career and advances
Law abiding citizens
Innovators
Accepts societal goals, but does not accept the institutionalized means to attain them
Ex. Drug Dealers make the money to obtain wealth
Ritualists
Conform to the institutionalized means, but gives up on achieving wealth and avoids taking risks
Lives normal average life
Retreatists
Do not conform to institutionalized means
Engage in activities that withdraw from society
Some individuals will fall into drug addiction and homelessness
FTO
Field Training Officer
Part 1 Crimes (2)
Forcible Rape (2)
Part 1 Crimes (3)
Robbery (3)
Part 1 Crimes (4)
Aggravated Assault (4)
Part 1 Crimes (5)
Burglary (5)
Part 1 Crimes (6)
Arson (6)
Part 1 Crimes (7)
Lacreny/Theft (7)
Part 1 Crimes (8)
Motor Vehicle Theft (8)
Part 2 Crimes (2)
Curfew Offenses & Loitering (2)
Utilitarianism
the set of beliefs that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority
Part 2 Crimes (3)
Gambling (3)
Part 2 Crimes (4)
Embezzlement, Forgery, and Counterfeiting (4)
Part 2 Crimes (5)
Prostitution & Vice Offenses (5)
Part 2 Crimes (6)
Disorderly Conduct and Drunk Driving (6)
Part 2 Crimes (7)
Weapons Offenses (7)
Part 2 Crimes (8)
Drug & Liquor Offenses (8)