APUSH Chapter 19 (The American Pageant)

Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 that highly influenced England's view on the American Deep South and slavery. a novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict.

-prevented Britain from aiding South in Civil War

-one of the causes of Civil War

Bleeding Kansas

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

- South: north did not keep their promise of having slavery in Kansas and instead sent abolitionists to Kansas

Shawnee Mission

Slavery supporters (reacting against N's attempt to abolitionize both KS&NB) set up their own puppet gov here.

Beecher's Bibles

A New Haven abolitionist minister called Sharp's rifles a greater moral force than the Bible in keeping slavery out of Kansas. This helped increase the tension as Kansas became an armed camp.

Lecompton Constitution

supported the existence of slavery in the proposed state and protected rights of slaveholders. It was rejected by Kansas, making Kansas an eventual free state.

- boycotted by Free Soilers

Pottawatomie Creek Massacre

In reaction to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces, John Brown and a band of abolitionist settlers killed five pro-slavery settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas

Brooks-Sumner Affair

Sumner (anti-slavery) insults Andrew Butler from South Carolina in Congress declaring his infatuation with slavery; Brooks, Butler's nephew, beats Sumner with a cane. Congressman Preston Brooks beat Senator Charles Sumner severely in the chamber of the United States Senate. The attack symbolized the building animosity between the North and South and caused further polarization as newspapers and public officials on both sides alternately condemned and praised the attack,

Over Speculation

investors in stocks bought too much "on margin": bought stocks with money from government and ended up in debt

Election of 1856

In this presidential election, Democrat James Buchanan defeated Republican candidate John C. Fremont. He won the general election by denouncing the abolitionists, promising not to allow any interference with the Compromise of 1850, and supporting the principle of noninterference by Congress with slavery in the territories.

Know Nothings

the American Party; anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic (1854)

Dred Scott vs Sandford (1857)

A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.

- Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional

- North: too many Southerners in office

- causes of civil war

Roger Tanney

supreme court justice that made the decision that slaves do not have the same rights as citizens and ruled that the Missouri compromise is unconstitutional (extended slavery)

Crash of 1858

Causes:

-California gold inflated economy

- over speculation, unemployment

- affected the North, South had cotton

- giving our free land

Freeport Question

Lincoln: People can vote slavery down? Supreme court said people cant vote slavery down...people or court?

Freeport Doctrine

Doctrine developed by Stephen Douglas that said the exclusion of slavery in a territory could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. It was unpopular with Southerners, and thus cost him the election.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate - Douglas won

Harper's Ferry

John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

- many prominent individuals encouraged it

- south got mad and threatened to secede

Election of 1860

set the stage for the American Civil War. The nation had been divided throughout most of the 1850s on questions of states' rights and slavery in the territories. In 1860 this issue finally came to a head, fracturing the formerly dominant Democratic Party into Southern and Northern factions and bringing Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party to power without the support of a single Southern State.

- Democrats: North - Douglas

South - Breckenridge (pop. sov.)

- Constitutional Union Party (keep Union together): John Beu

-Republicans: Lincoln

Confederacy (1861)

Jefferson Davis

- Seceded from Union

- first to secede was South Carolina

Crittenden Compromise

1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans

Hinton Helper

a Southern critic of slavery during the 1850s who wrote a book entitled The Impending Crisis of The South The book put forth the notion that slavery hurt the economic prospects of non-slaveholders, and was an impediment to the growth of the entire region of the South.

John C. Fremont

an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.

Tariff of 1857

Lowered duties on imports in response to a high Treasury surplus and pressure from Southern farmers.