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autosome
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
centromere
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Chromatid (sister chromatid)
one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
diploid
2 sets of chromosomes
haploid
An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
homologous chromosome
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
sex chromosome
Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
anaphase
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
cell cycle
series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
cell plate
A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.
cleavage furrow
The area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell
cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
G0 phase
A nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle.
G1 phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
G2 phase
The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
interphase
Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases
metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
mitosis
cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
M phase
The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
prophase
Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms
S Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
Telophase
After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.
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