L5 EUROPE

1000-1500

Span of Middle Ages

1158

1347

1431

1453

_______ first european universities

black death

joan of arc burned at the stake of being a withc

Hundred year war ends

• 1000 and 1300

• 38 - 74

Between _____and _____ the population of Europe grew dramatically, the population grew from about ____million to ___million people.

• conditions peaceful | people felt more secure

• Warming trend in Europe

• Improvement in agricultural technology = more food

why did population increased?

• heavy Plow / iron Plow

• Three field Crop Rotation (8th Century)

• horse harness

• Windmills

• Water wheels

Improvement in Agricultural Tools During Middle ages

• Farm fallow

• farm fallow farm

Three field system

• Before: _______

• After_________

Growing season

• preparation for planting winter crops

• Salting meat for winter

• Plating spring crops

• Weed fields, sheer sheep, spin wools

Cycle of Labor was dependent on?

• October:

• November

• Early Spring

• Early Summer

oats barley peas beans

what were the early srping crops

50 feast days

• important events of the Catholic Church.

During the middle ages, there arev about _____ in a year.

• Feast days coincide with _______

Village Church

• peasants, basic belief of christianity

• churchyard

the center of all religious and most social activities.

• Priests would teach ______ the _________

• During festival days, the village _______ was used for dancing and drinking.

• Church

• Manor

• garden

• fields

• mill

• blacksmith

• pastures

Typical Village in middle Ages (7)

Self Sufficient agricultural estate run by a lord worked by peasants and serf

Manor

bound to the land

did not own land of their own

Many peasants at this time became serfs.

A serf was a peasant __________________ and

Protection in the event of Invasion

keep percentage of the crops

In exchange for the labor, Lords of the Manors did owe

the serfs what?

a hardworking and simple life

• black bread berries cheese eggs nuts

Peasants lived?

what was their diet

ale

wine

brewed/ fermented drinks

• Lower Class: ____

• Higher Class_____

people n middle ages bathed

Contrary to old belief …..

11th -12th centuries

growth of europe into towns and Cities

• Higher agricultural output

• Fairs

• Increase in trade

What caused the Revival of trade & Trade fairs

Fairs

large markets for exchanging goods

money economy and

commercial capitalism

The increase in Trade lead to the development of what?

Bourgeoisie

• middle class

Spell Bor-zhwaa -zee

• the social order dominated by the _____

german word burg

• walled enclosure

• city residents

bourgeoisie came from the ____ word?….

• meaning?

• Refers to ?

• city enclosed by wall

• building very close together

• tanning and animal slaughtering nearby no proper waste system

• Poor sanitation

• Structure mostly wood

Daily Life in medieval cities

River dumping

what was the method of throwing trash in medieval cities?

• supervise household, would occasionally work outside home

• help husband manage business, few worked independently

• prepare dead for burial . spinning wool to yarn

Women in Middle Ages

• manage business

• regulate every aspect of business

• set quality standards

• specifies method of production

What were the Role of the GUILDS

apprenticeship

journeymen

master Craftsman

How to join a guild

God

pope

cardinals

archbishops

bishops

Priests

People

Heirarchy in the CATHOLIC CHURCH

Pope Gregory VII

• the Gregorian Reforms

• Dictatus papae

who initiated many reforms for the church?

Church was founded by God Alone

Pope can with right be called universal

Pope alone can depose of reinstate bishops

Pope’s name alone can be spoken in churches

pope may depose of emperors

pope may be judged by no one

Roman church has never erred; nor will it err to all eternity, the scripture bearing witness

What did Gregory the VII state in the Dictatus Papae

Papal Sates

territories Controlled by Pope and CHurch

Simony

Pope gregory VII

16th Century

Disendownment, secularization

____ a practice wherein lords would sell church offices.

• important source of income for lords and nobles.

• _______________ rigorously attached the problem and the practice again became occasional rather than normal.

• After __________it gradually disappeared in its most flagrant forms with the _________and ___________ of church property.

Pope Innocent III

Who declared the ACT of PAPAL SUPREMACY?

Pope Innocent III: Act of Papal Supremacy

• earth , soul

• priesthood, monarchy

• Christ’s vicar

He stated that the Pope was:

“lower than God but higher than man... Judges all and is judged by no one... Princes have power on _____ priests over the ____ As much as the soul is worthier than the body, so much worthier is the _______than the ______... NO king can reign rightly unless he devoutly serve _________.

• power of Salvation

• Excommunication

• Interdict over an entire country

what were the WEAPONS of the Church

Power of Salvation

administration of the sacraments manipulate people and their leaders

Excommunication

person can’t receive sacraments

Interdict over an Entire Country

no one in the entire country or region could receive the sacraments

Educational guilds

• Bologna italy

Medieval universities started as __________

The first Medieval University was in__________

The students at the school formed their own guild in

• university of Bologna

• University of Oxford

• University of Paris

What were the early Medieval Universities

• grammar rethoric music

• arithmetic geometry astronomy logic

Areas of Study in medieval Universities

lecture

students applied for a degree

medieval university Teaching style?

Exams were given when?

Theology

law

medicine

Degrees offered in medieval Universities

Effort to reconcile Faith and Reason

• Reason, Experience

Scholasticism (Definition)

• To show that what was accepted on faith was in harmony with what could be learned through _______and ________.

Greek Philosophers

__________had great influence on medieval thinking.

Aristotle

“View of the world is learned through the sense and through

what we experience”

• eternal

• teaching of Creation

• God was an impersonal principle

• concerned with the deeds of people

Aristotle taught that the universe was _______ – conflict with the Christian ____________.

• Aristotle believed ___________that made caused order in the universe, but was unmoved.

• But Christianity believed that God was ________________.

Thomas Aquinas

Who said: Things related to faith did not need truth to be valid because they came from God who was infallible.

Thomas aquinas

Who defined ?

• Religious Truth

• Scientific truth?

things revealed by faith and cannot be proven by science

what are Religious truth (Thomas Aquinas)

Things that can be proven by science

what are Scientific truth (Thomas Aquinas)

Thomas Aquinas

Summa theologica was the best known work of?

Latin

• churches, universities

_______was the language of Rome and was a common language which could be used in _________ and at__________.

• A common language at universities allowed students from many different countries to be able to understand the teachings there.

Vernacular

• spanish, french , english, german

________ language of the common people.

• Give examples:

Troubadours

were usually travelling poets and musicians who would go from

court to court telling their stories of courtly love.

Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales

Geoffrey of Monmouth: history of the kings of Britain

Literatures During Middle Ages

Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales

• collection of pilgrims, Canterbury Cathedral

________first popular English work.

• The tales are a collection of stories from the late 1300’s. The book forms a story-telling contest by a _________ on their way to_______. Together they provide an insight into medieval life.

History of the Kings of Britain 1136

historical accuracy

Arthur and Merlin.

The_____________ was written by Geoffrey of

Monmouth around _____. The ________ has been

disputed but it did create the popularity of such characters as

___________

1150

Architects begin to build in Gothic Style in

Basilica Type Architecture

Rectangular building with a flat wooden roof

• Rounded arch roof

• Thick walls with small windows

• Stone roofs

ROMANESQUE (enumerate Characteristics)

• vaulted arches / pointed

• Flying buttresses

• thinner walls, stained glass windows

• more natural light

GOTHIC (enumerate Characteristics)

Bible

illiterate population

Stained Glass churches were also used to teach stories from

the _____ to a mostly__________.

• waterspout

• grotesque

Gargoyles functions

bubonic plague

• 38

• 75

The Black Death, or _________ was a bacterial infection which killed ___ million people throughout Europe out of a pre-plague population of ___million.

italian poet Giovanni Boccaccio

• Groin, armpits

• apple egg

• plague-boils

Who wrote “ In men and woman alike”

• “at the beginning of the malady,

  certain swellings, either on the ____or under the

  _____...waxed to the bigness of a common ____,

  others to the size of an___, some more and some less,

  and these the vulgar named ______.”

• fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, terrible

  aches and pains

• lymphatic system

BLACK DEATH

• Blood and pus seeped out of these strange swellings,

which were followed by a host of other unpleasant

symptoms—__________________—and then, in short order, death.

• The Bubonic Plague attacks the_________, causing swelling in the lymph nodes. If untreated, the infection can spread to the blood or lungs.

• Power of church declined

• labor shortage

• Decline In population

• Disruption of trades

• towns freed from feudal obligation

IMPACTS OF BLACK DEATH

• Enough Farmland

• people can afford land

• workers demanded wages for labor

• cities grew

• merchants explored new business

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF BLACK DEATH

• Anti- semitism

• Blamed Jews

• Massacres in Europe

SOCIAL SYMPTOMS of Black Death

14th Century

• Papal Supremacy

• King Philip IV

• Pope Boniface VIII

During the _________, the church power began to decline.

• European kings did not want to accept the idea of _________ anymore.

• ___________ vs ____________

• Papacy moved to Avignon France , French Pope

• Moved Back to Rome by Pope Gregory XI

• Elected Italian pope but french declared election invalid so they elected their own CLEMENT VII

• two popes excommunicated each other

THE GREAT SCHISM

• _________

John Wycliffe of England

Salvation came from faith and not from the Church itself

John Wyclifee of England

• Reforms

Translated part of the Bible into English

• _____helped to lay the foundations for later change, but were unsuccessful at the time

Jan Hus of Czech

• corrupt church practices

• Council of Constance

Influenced by Wycliffe's teachings

Hus acted upon the ideas of Church reform. He spoke out against _______________.

He was invited to the _____________where he had been

told he would be safe, but was burned has a heretic.

John wycliffe

Jan Hus

Who attempted for the CHURCH REFORM?

• England has lands claimed in france

• competition for Flanders

• Edwards claim to the french throne, but he was english

• both side welcomed war as a chance to assert own agenda

Why was there war betwen ENGLAND and FRANCE

king Philip VI of france took english holdings then

• Edward III declared war on france

Who made the war between ENGLAND and FRANCE official?

Jeanne D'Arc / Joan of Arc

• Battle of Orleans

• 1430

a young French peasant girl. She heard voices that told her it was

her duty to save France.

• Joan led French troops to victory in _________.

• Captured in _____and burned as a heretic.

116

Gunpowder

French developed canons to defeat the English in 1453.

What occurred was a _____-year conflict that changed the two countries.

• the secret weapon?

national identity.

King Louis XI

Monarchs , nobles

POLITICAL RECOVERY

FRANCE
- The war provided the French with a sense of

______ . _________instituted taille, or tax, on the French _____gained control over the _____

• nobles lost confidence in the monarchy.

• Henry Tudor (Henry VII)

• Abolished all private armies

• affective system

POLITICAL RECOVERY

ENGLAND

The war devastated England. They lost territory and the________

War between houses of. York and Lancaster. Lancaster won – ____

______________to prevent rebellion. Set up and

____________of government

• nobles

• took control of the national church.

• Spain and Portugal

• Reconquista

POLITICAL RECOVERY

SPAIN

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella eliminated the power of the ________ and ____________

They tried to make Iberia (__________) homogeneous. __________:Ferdinand and Isabella forced all non-Catholics to leave

Spain or convert to Christianity.

• Mongols were ruling

• Prince of Moscow Ivan III / Ivan the GReat

POLITICAL RECOVERY

RUSSIA

-In Russia the __________ over the Russian Nobles.

but The ___________(Ivan the Great) threw off Mongol rule and established his own kingdom.