Bio9 - Lung volumes

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchus

Bronchioles

Larynx

Alveolar duct

nasal cavity

alveoli

from up to down

nasal cavity,Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveoli

upper respiratory tract

Nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx

Lower respiratory tract

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Inside the nasal cavity are curved shelves of bone called ?

lined with what?

conchae

ciliated respiratory epithelium

iliated respiratory epithelium, which secretes mucus and fluid, helps with what?

warm, filter, and humidify air

what part consists of C-shaped rings of cartilage

trachea

red

cilia

green

goblet cell

blue

lumen

Yellow

Respiratory epithelium

How might the cilia and mucus secretions in the respiratory epithelium act as a barrier against infection?

Trap and remove infectious particles from airways using mucous

Inspiration

Diaphram, External intercostals

Expiration

Abdominals, internal intercostals

Why is it healthier to breathe through the nose rather than through the mouth?

The nose creates a more turbulent flow than breathing through mouth

Conducting Zone

nose to terminal bronchioles

higher resistance, larger branches

Respiratory zone

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.

lower resistance, smaller branches

Broncioles

less cartilage, more smooth muscle

Bronchi

more cartilage, less smooth muscle

Volume increases, surface area inceases, pressure = ?

(like a soggy balloon)

decreases

Boyles law

describes the relationship between the pressure/volume of a gas at constant temperature

P1V1=P2V2

Compliance

how much pressure is required to produce change in volume

c=dv/dp

1

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

2

Tidal volume (VT)

3

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

4

Residual volume (RV)

Residual volume (RV)

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after exhalation

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Max amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

Tidal volume (VT)

volume during normal/quiet breathing

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

pneumotachometer/Spirometry

blue = ?

rate of airflow

airflow during expiration

FEV1/FVC ratio - What could a low FEV1/FVC ratio indicate?

(need pic)

obstructive lung disease

pressure exerted by a gas is directly proportional to temperature, if the volume of the gas is held constant?

amantons law

IRV + V

IC

V + ERV

EC

ERV + RV

FRC

IRV + V + ERV

VC

IRV + V + ERV + RV

TLC