DNA
Stores all your genetic material, found only in the nucleus
mRNA
Takes genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes
tRNA
Brings amino acids to the ribosomes
ribosomes
location where amino acids join together to make a protein
Chromosome
DNA wrapped around a protein
Chromatin
Loose DNA found in the nucleus
Nucleus
Location of DNA
Gene
A small segment of DNA that codes for a trait
Mutation
Any change in DNA
Adenine
Pairs with Thymine in DNA but pairs with Uracil in RNA
Guanine
Pairs with Cytosine
Cytosine
Pairs with Guanine
Thymine
Pairs with Adenine in DNA
Alleles
Different forms of a gene
Nucleotide
Monomer of nucleic acids
Nucleic Acid
Made of nucleotides, responsible for storing genetic information, CHONP
DNA Replication
Process of making 2 identical strands of DNA
Semi-conservative Replication
One strand of DNA is old and one strand is new
Protein Synthesis
Making proteins
Transcription
Turns DNA into mRNA, happens in the nucleus
Translation
Turns mRNA into proteins, happens in the ribosomes
Codon
3 nitrogen bases in a row on mRNA
Anticodon
3 nitrogen bases in a row on tRNA
ER
Folds proteins into their correct shape and transports them to the golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
modifies and sorts the proteins
Point Mutation
A change in only 1 base of DNA
Frameshift Mutation
A base is added or deleted from the DNA sequence; everything after this point changes
Silent mutation
A base is changed but the amino acid remains the same
Nonsense mutation
A point mutation that codes for stop instead of an amino acid
Missense Mutation
A point mutation where the wrong amino acid is inserted into the protein but everything else remains the same
Somatic Cell
Body Cell
Sex Cell
Sperm or egg cell
Double Helix
Shape of DNA