DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis

DNA

Stores all your genetic material, found only in the nucleus

mRNA

Takes genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes

tRNA

Brings amino acids to the ribosomes

ribosomes

location where amino acids join together to make a protein

Chromosome

DNA wrapped around a protein

Chromatin

Loose DNA found in the nucleus

Nucleus

Location of DNA

Gene

A small segment of DNA that codes for a trait

Mutation

Any change in DNA

Adenine

Pairs with Thymine in DNA but pairs with Uracil in RNA

Guanine

Pairs with Cytosine

Cytosine

Pairs with Guanine

Thymine

Pairs with Adenine in DNA

Alleles

Different forms of a gene

Nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids

Nucleic Acid

Made of nucleotides, responsible for storing genetic information, CHONP

DNA Replication

Process of making 2 identical strands of DNA

Semi-conservative Replication

One strand of DNA is old and one strand is new

Protein Synthesis

Making proteins

Transcription

Turns DNA into mRNA, happens in the nucleus

Translation

Turns mRNA into proteins, happens in the ribosomes

Codon

3 nitrogen bases in a row on mRNA

Anticodon

3 nitrogen bases in a row on tRNA

ER

Folds proteins into their correct shape and transports them to the golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus

modifies and sorts the proteins

Point Mutation

A change in only 1 base of DNA

Frameshift Mutation

A base is added or deleted from the DNA sequence; everything after this point changes

Silent mutation

A base is changed but the amino acid remains the same

Nonsense mutation

A point mutation that codes for stop instead of an amino acid

Missense Mutation

A point mutation where the wrong amino acid is inserted into the protein but everything else remains the same

Somatic Cell

Body Cell

Sex Cell

Sperm or egg cell

Double Helix

Shape of DNA