AICE Travel and Tourism Vocab Units 1 and 2

Tourist

Someone who travels to a country other than the one that they currently live in for no more than a year.

Tourism

the act of someone going to another location out of their usual environment (home, work, area) for a temporary and short amount of time. *Note they are not here for a temporary living space

Domestic tourism

When the trip takes place within one's home country (ex: Athens to Patras)

International tourism

When a traveler crosses 1+ national borders (ex. Ontario to Nairobi)

Outbound tourist

Someone leaving their own country to travel to another country for the purpose of tourism (ex. San Jose to Venice, the person is an outbound tourist for Costa Rica)

Inbound tourist

someone entering a country for the purpose of tourism (ex. San Jose to Venice, the person is an inbound tourist for Italy)

Mass tourism

A large amount of people traveling to one location (typically around the same time) (ex. People going to Miami during spring break)

Specialized tourism

individual or group tours by people who wish to develop their given interest or visit places with a connection to their specific interest (ex. hiking @ Tour de Mont Blanc, France)

Independent tourism

the traveler organizes and books transport and accommodation from separate sources rather than purchasing them together as part of an organized package

Packaged tourism

Simultaneous sale of at least 2 elements of a trip to the traveler (incl. transportation, accommodation, & activities)

Destination

Any geographic area consisting of all services necessary to support tourism

Beach resort destination

Resorts located on the beach, amenities or activities linked to the beach. (ex. Costa Rica: Margaritaville Beach Resort Playa Flamingo)

Purpose-built destination

Accommodations, food/beverages, activities, and amenities designed around a certain theme and target market (Ex. Shanghai Disney Resort)

Integrated resort destination

Broad range of leisure and conference facilities (i.e. casinos), mixed facilities for attractions

Town destination

An urban area that has a name, defined boundaries, and local government, generally larger than a village but smaller than city (ex. Neepawa, Manitoba, Canada)

City destination

larger than a town, has historic centers (ex. Lagos, Nigeria)

Country destination

A nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory (Ex. Philippines)

Urban destination

Relatively high population, large towns or cities (Ex. Auckland, New Zealand)

Rural destination, countryside destination

Remote and less populated (ex. Churchill, Manitoba, Canada)

Coastal destination

Towns or villages that attract visitors because of the coastline (Ex. Santo Domingo, DR)

Island destination

Small pieces of land surrounded by water, attracts visitors for their exotic images of white sandy beaches and activities (Ex. The Bahamas)

MEDC

More Economically Developed Countries; Tourist-receiving areas because they have the most developed infrastructure to support the large amount of visitors (Ex. Australia)

LEDC

Less Economically Developed Countries; Less money and unstable economies, possibly political problems within the country, or underdeveloped infrastructure (Ex. Cambodia)

Leisure travel

Traveling for pleasure and enjoyment; not for business or VFR. Paid by traveler. (Ex. Going to Rome for sightseeing)

Business travel

MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions), Work-related. Covered by company. (Ex. A doctor traveling to another country to help out their staff)

VFR travel

Visiting Friends and Relatives; Migration, work or life changes, holidays. Money may be spent on transportation and activities, but accommodation typically provided by members.

Medical tourism

Cheaper surgeries and recovery time accommodations

Religious tourism

Journeys or pilgrimages to certain destination

Adventure tourism

Trips focused on physical activities (e.g. hiking, skiing, trekking, etc.)

Cultural tourism

Visiting historical or cultural sites

Ecotourism

Experience the natural environment and wildlife

Sports tourism

Going to see a sporting event or competition

Health and spa tourism

Healthy therapy, spa, or beauty treatments in luxurious environments

Dark tourism

Going to a place where former conflicts, death, or tragedy happen

Slum tourism

Going to informal and impoverished area for a more realistic experience

Film tourism

Going to a place due to its appearance in a piece of media.

Accessibility of destination

Safe, easy, convenient, affordable reasoning for travel

Built and natural attractions

Mix of built and natural attractions

Climate of destination

Going to a location due to its climate (typically different from the one you're currently in)

Culture of destination

To witness the way of life for a group of people

Traditions of destination

Long-established customs

Language of destination

Going to a country that speaks your language (aka going to a country that speaks English) to learn a new language

Gastronomy of destination

Going based on cuisine and dishes

Dress of destination

To witness the clothing of other cultures

Handicrafts of destination

artistic sense, feeling, and cultural characteristics

Events of destination

a planned public or social occasion that attracts guest to a location (art, music, festival, sporting)

Art events

Artist, architects, and designers display artwork in a range of different media

Music events

Musical artists perform for spectators

Festival

Period of celebration (religious or organized)

Sporting events

Regular/periodic sporting competitions

History of destination

Locations based on their history

Architecture of destination

Infrastructure; how building/landscapes are built (new and old)

Leisure activities of destination

Casual thing to do while visiting

Accommodation of destination

Based on the availability of accommodation (serviced or non-serviced)

Serviced accommodation

A person is typically taken care of; price includes a charge for cleaning, room service (meals available)

Non-serviced accommodation

Person is typically meant to fend for themselves; The product is accommodation only e.g. bed. Additional facilities may be available like tea and coffee making.

Religion of destination

Going to a place that practices a specific religious, whether it be the same as the tourist, or a different one

Seasonality challenge

Seasons can cause fluctuation in products and services

Intangibility challenge

Difficult for customer to evaluate, Customer does not take physical possession, Difficult to advertise and display, Difficult to set and justify prices, Service process is usually not protectable by patents.

Perishability challenge

Services cannot be stored, Balancing supply and demand is very difficult, Unused capacity is lost forever, Demand may be very time sensitive.

UNWTO

United Nations World Tourism Organization; Leading international organization in the field of travel and tourism. Promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development, & environmental sustainability

Direct employment

employees are in contact with tourists and cater for the tourist demand

Indirect employment

Jobs that come from activities that benefit from tourism

Economic factors affecting tourism

Change of costs, Price of goods, Interest rates, Wage rates, Exchange rates

Social factors affecting tourism

Religion, Family, Wealth, Fashions, Demography like life expectancy or birth rates

Political factors affecting tourism

Important factor for international travel, Tourism can be impacted by change, uncertainty cases of violence, Political change can either increase or decrease a country's attractiveness for tourism

Technological factors affecting tourism

Developments in transport technology (More choices, Faster, Cheaper, Longer distances) and Developments in information technology

Ecological factors affecting tourism

Protection of the environment and conservation of natural and cultural heritage, Threats posed by climatic change, global warming and natural disasters, Diminishing oil reserves

Specialized markets

Particular groups or sectors of the tourist market that are tailored to specific interests and activities

Target market

group of customers towards which an organization has decided to aim its marketing efforts and ultimately its products and services

Sustainable tourism

Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts addressing the needs of everyone; Natural resources, consumption patterns, pollution and social systems; Sustainable tourism businesses must be profitable

Responsible tourism

Tourism that creates better places for people to live in or visit; everyone takes responsibility for their actions and the impacts of their actions

Product differentiation

New products, new markets, product development; Marketing of generally similar products with minor variations that are used by consumers when making a choice

Product line extension

The use of an established product brand name for a new item in the same product; When a company introduces additional items in the same product category under the same brand name

Private sector/organization

not owned by the government, i.e. hotels, airlines, attractions, car transportation

Commercial organization

Sell products and services, Market, Employ staff

Non-commercial organization

Clubs, Charities, Societies; Funded through memberships, donations, grants, fundraising

NTO

Research, Promotion, Monitoring, Publicity, International relations, Development

RTO

Establish and promote quality tourism experiences, implement strategies to ensure their region maximizes its tourism potential, Like NTOs but more direct responsibility for their own geographical areas

DMC

Destination Management Companies; Professional service company that has extensive local knowledge, expertise, and resources which specialize in the design and implementation of events; Local partners to plan a visit for foreign travelers

Air transport

Airplanes and airlines

Sea transport

Ferry operators and Cruise companies

Rail transport

National rail service and International rail service

Road transport

Cars, Buses, Coach/charter buses, Taxis, Uber, Lyft

Hotel accommodation

Hotels, Guest houses or lodges, Bed and Breakfast (B&Bs), Hostels, Campsites

tour operations

Tour operators are product builders

Combine or package basic products

· Inbound tour operators

- Produce packages aimed specifically at overseas visitors coming into a destination

· Outbound tour operators

- Specialize in putting packages together for the home market so they appeal to people lining in that country

· Specialist tour operators

- Tend to limit their products by destination, activity, theme, transport or age group

travel agencies

Act as intermediaries providing information about destinations, tour packages and various ancillary travel services

Currency exchange

Exchange one currency for another; Profit for company comes from adjusting exchange rate or taking commission

Car hire

Rental cars

Customer service

The assistance and advice provided by an organization to those who buy or use its products or services

Customer

Anyone who has the right to ask or expect an employee to provide a service as part their job role

External customer

Organization visitor or users; generally, contact or visit an organization because it can provide something they need

Internal customer

Members of staff within an organization who contributes towards the service provided to external customers

Dimensions of customer service

Reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy

Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs

Self-actualization, Self-esteem, Love and belonging, Safety and security, Physiological needs

Segmentation

divide a marketplace into parts or segments defined as accessible, actionable, profitable and shows growth potential

Impacts of quality customer service

Customers: satisfaction, customer experience; Employees: Job satisfaction, team work effectiveness; Organization: customer loyalty, income, levels of customer satisfaction

Organizational customer service standards

Specify what is to be done or said within any given scenario

Functional area customer service standards

Designed to describe the action an individual employee needs to follow to perform a task competently; Specify how a particular service task should be done

Interpersonal skills

Skills used to interact or deal with others (Communication skills, people skills and soft skills)