Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Flashcards for vocabulary review on chemical bonding, covering the octet rule, covalent bonds, electronegativity, Lewis structures, ionic compounds, and their properties.

Octet Rule

The principle that atoms are most stable with eight electrons in their outermost shell.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Electronegativity

The tendency of atoms to attract electrons.

Lewis Dot Structures

Diagramming tools using dots to represent valence electrons and lines to represent bonds between atoms.

Periodic Table Blocks

Elements grouped by their valence shell electrons; s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block.

Lewis Structure

A diagramming tool that uses dots and lines to visually represent the bonds and electron arrangement in a molecule

Polar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond where atoms share electrons unevenly, resulting in dipoles.

Non-polar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond where atoms share electrons evenly, resulting in no dipoles.

Covalent Compound

A molecule formed when two or more different atoms are connected with a covalent bond.

Properties of Covalent Compounds

Low boiling and melting points, poor conduction of heat and electricity, varied colors, low solubility, high vapor pressure, and lack of brittleness.

Ionic Compound

A molecule formed through the exchange of electrons between atoms, creating ions.

Properties of Ionic Compounds

High melting and boiling points, crystal lattice structure, brittleness, and electrical insulation (in solid form).

Crystal Lattice

A rigid, ordered structure formed by the strong ionic bonds between charged atoms in an ionic compound.

Lattice Energy

The energy released when one mole of ions in an ionic substance comes together to form a crystal lattice.

Naming covalent compounds

The element with the lower group number is named first, followed by the element with 'ide added to the end