Canadian History - The 1920s and 1930s

Vocabulary flashcards covering important terms and concepts from Canadian history in the 1920s and 1930s.

Who was Nellie McClung? (What did she fight for, where, when)

 the woman who fought for the right to vote in Manitoba in 1916

Who was Emily Murphy?

• Sat as a judge over a case - the argument was she could not be a part of a case because women are not considered people

• BNA - women were not considered persons

• The group went to Britain and had Britain change the law in 1929 (privy council)

When did Britain change the BNA law?

1929

Winnipeg general strike (When, how many, what)

• 1919 may 15

• 30,000 workers protested for workers rights

• “Collective bargaining” - outlawed - as a group, employees say that everyone should have the same pay for the same work

• It didn’t work - everyone protesting

• RCMP abused people back to work (lost the battle but eventually won the war)

What is “collective bargaining”

A group, employees say that everyone should have the same pay for the same work

Residential schools (When,what)

• 1800 - 1960s

• Indigenous children are forcibly taken from their homes and forced into schools run by the church

• The ultimate goal was to assimilate Indigenous children into “white culture”

• At the schools, the children were physically abused, and sexually abused, and when sick the kids were left to die

• “Killing the Indian in the Child”

Talkies (when invented, what was the first)

• invented in 1927 , The Jazz Singer (Racist)

What is the Hays Code?

Censorship in movies

General rules of censorship

no blood, swearing nudity, violence

• No picture should be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it.

• The correct standards of life shall be presented

• The law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed

Who was Mary Pickford?

biggest start at the time - Known as ‘America’s sweetheart” (she is Canadian). Most famous woman in the world - made a million in a year, The Most famous movie = Pauliana

Who was charlie chalpin?

“The Tramp”, was exiled from America for suspicion of communist sympathies. Produced, directed, acted in, wrote, and scored his own movies.

Who was Houdini?

the world's greatest escape artist

Describe Victorian culture

Prudish, strict, and formal

Describle the jazz age

• Rebellious

• Freedom

• Fast

• Sexually charged

Who were two jazz icons?

Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald (Jazz icons)

Who and where was jazz created?

By the african american community in New Orleans

What were flappers?

Young girls who smoke, drink, wear revealing clothes, wear lots of makeup, drive cars, have a bob haircut

What is the Ontario Temperace act (when)

1916-1927 - law is a failure (Bans bars but you can still make alcohol, still drink alcohol, still export it, but you have to import it(buy it) from outside of Ontario)

What is the Volstead act? (when)

18th amendment - 1920-1933 - a complete ban on alcohol - “Going dry” - Goal was to reduce crime, poverty, and death - failed on all counts 

Who wanted prohibition?

• Women's Christian Temperance Union,

• suffragettes(women who fought for the right to vote)

• preachers

• church ladies

• anti-saloon league(rich industrialists and capitalists who believed drinking ruined production)

What is the difference between the Ontario Temperance act and the volstead act?

• Ontario Temperance Act 1916-1927 - law is a failure (Bans bars but you can still make alcohol, still drink alcohol, still export it, but you have to import it(buy it) from outside of Ontario)

• Different from the states - Volstead Act - 18th amendment - 1920-1933 - a complete ban on alcohol - “Going dry” - Goal was to reduce crime, poverty, and death - failed on all counts

Who was Rocco Perry

(kind of bootlegger) - Millionaire mobster - Worked with his wife - Pretended to be a Macaroni salesman - killed in 1944 - Supplied Al Capone with alcohol

Who was Bessie Starkman

•  Rocco’s wife - Gets murdered by Capone’s men (believed to be the brains behind the operation)

Who was Al Capone?

• Made over 100 million dollars - Bootlegger in Chicago - 400 murders (including St. Valentine Massacre) - Sent him to jail for income tax evasion

Who was Ben Kerr?

• King of rum runners - worked with Rocco Perry - Was brave and had the fastest boat on lake ontario (Called the Pollywog) - Robin Hood-like quality - Killed in 1929

Who was James Cooper?

• Becomes a millionaire by discovering a loophole in the Ontario Temperance Act 

Describe the stock market crash

• Black Tuesday 

• October 29, 1929

• New York stock expanse collapses

• Starts the Great Depression - lasts for 10 years

• Up to 30% unemployment

Describe the drought (where, how many farms)

• (no rain for ~10 years) hits the prairies (Saskatchewan and Alberta)

• Creates dust storms

• Grasshoppers

• 14,000 farms are abandoned

R.B Bennet

• 1930-1935

• Conservative party

• Gives 20 million to the provinces in relief (direct relief - family man who lost his job) (relief camps - terrible conditions, paid 20c per day, labour/internment camps)

• Use section 98 in the criminal code to deport 30,000 Canadians on suspicion of communism

What are the kinds of releif R.B bennet provided?

• (direct relief - family man who lost his job)

• (relief camps - terrible conditions, paid 20c per day, labour/internment camps)

Describe the on to ottawa trek

• Relief camp workers go from BC to Ottawa to confront Bennet

• Bennet tells RCMP to shut it down

• Protest is stopped in Regina

• Protesters were beaten/leaders arrested

• Responded to letters/ gave money

• Started the Bank of Canada

• Started the CBC

• New deal speech

Mackenize king

• Pm form 1921 - 1930 and 1935-1948

• Member of the liberal party

• Fought to make Canada more independent

What was the Channok crisis (when)

• 1922

• He says no to Britain

• refusing to send troops to Britain (turkey)

What is the King Byng affair (when)

• 1916

• Reduces the power of the governor-general

What is the statute of westminster (when)?

•  1931

• Makes Britain recognize Canada as an independent country

What is the cooperative commonwealth Federation

• JS Woodsworth

• Party of workers' rights - minimum wage, workers' safety

• 1961 CCF became the NDP

Who is Henry Ford? (how many cars, how much)

• Worth 10 billion dollars

• Noticed how butchers cut meat - everyone has a specific job/role

• Applied it to making cars

• Uses moving belt assembly line to build cars

• The car that became famous

• The Model T

• The car sold for about $450

• Made 15 million of them

Describe group of 7 art

Canadian landscape artists

Describe dada art

protest against the war and mechanization of man

Describe surrealism art

Absurd or contradictory art

Science of insulin (who discovered)

Banting and Best

Radium

• 1920-1930 put it in everything

• Had “curative properties”