Part of a Neuron and their functions

what is the function of the cell body

initiate some graded potentials, receive information from dendrite and conduct information to an axon

what is found in the cell body and what does it do

nissel bodies that make grey matter grey

what is the function of a dendrite

receive and transfer input to the cell body

what is the function of an axon

conduct action potentials and release neurotransmitter

what does the cytoskeleton contain

neurofilaments

what do neurofilaments do

provide strength

what is anterograde transport

moves newly synthesized material toward synaptic knobs away from the cell body

what is retrograde transport

moves used material from axon for breakdown and recycling in soma

what is fast axonal transport

moves about 400mm a day moving along microtubules and is powered by motor protein which split ATP

in fast axonal transport what does anterograde transport move

vesicle, organelles, and glycoproteins

in fast axonal transport what does retrograde transport move

used vesicles, and potentially harmful agents

what is slow axonal transport

moves about 0.1-3mm per day, and moves down the flow of the axoplasm only moving necessary things toward the cell body

what do multipolar neurons look like

have many dendrites and only one axon

what do bipolar neurons look like

one dendrite and one axon

what does unipolar neuron look like

one process extends from the cell body

what are the two process in unipolar cells

peripheral process and central process

what does the peripheral process look like

splits into several receptive dendrite

what does the central process look like

leads to the synaptic knobs in the CNS

what do sensory neurons do

conduct input from somatic and visceral receptors to CNS

what structural class are sensory neurons

unipolar

what do motor neurons do

conduct output from CNS to somatic and visceral effector

what structural class are motor neurons

multipolar

what do interneurons do

receives, process, and integrate information from many other neurons

where are interneurons found

between sensory and motor neuron in the CNS

what is a synapse

place where a neuron connects to another neuron or an effector

where are electrical synapse

the heart

explain what an eletrical synapse does

presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons bound together by gap junction

is electrical synapse fast or slow and why

fast because there is no synaptic delay

explain the process of chemical synapse

the presynaptic neuron produces a signal and releases neurotransmitter form vesicle to synaptic knob which moves to the synaptic cleft via diffusion and continues to diffuse to the receptors of the postsynaptic potential, which is received by the postsynaptic neurons which 

what is a synaptic delay and why does it occue

time it takes for all of the events in a chemical synapse to occur. these take time because diffusion is slow

what is a glial cell

support cell found in CNS and PNS

are glial cells capable of mitosis

yes

what is the function of glial cells

protect and nourish cell and provide physical scaffolding for nervous tissue

what is the function of astrocytes

help for blood brain barrier by wrapping feet around brain capillaries, regulate tissue fluid composition, form structural support, assist neuronal development, and occupy space of dying neurons

what do ependymal cells do

line cavities in brain and spinal cord and help make CFS

what is the function of microglia

fight infection

what are microglia

phagocytic cells of immue system

what is the function oligodendrocytes

form myelin sheeth

what is the function of satellite cells

regulate neuron environment

what is the function of neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)

accelerate action potentials

define myelination

process of wrapping an axon with myelin

what is myelin

several layers of membrane of glial cells

in myelin found in the PNS what are the glia 

neurolemmocytes

in myelin found in the CNS what are the glia

oligodendrocytes

how is a neurolemma formed

swhann cell just continually wrap around themselves and eventually push off all of the organelles and that is called the neurolemma

what doe nodes of ranvier do

regenerate action potential

in the CNS how many oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons

one

unmyelinated axons in the PNS

are not completely wrapped by neurolemmas and axons are exposed