Illumination, Noise, Motion, Climate, Teams - PSYC 370 Final

Stun: Picture Window

Air leak in the International Space Station - expensively shut down modules in the station, due to astronauts using vacuum jumper as a handheld (caused the leak)

incandescent bodies

hot sources of light (ex. sun)

luminescent bodies

cold sources of light (ex. firefly)

3 factors of describing light

dominant wavelength, luminance, saturation

dominant wavelength

color

inverse square law

light becomes dimmer the farther away it is

luminance

the light reflected off of a surface (our perception of brightness)

luminous flux

The rate at which light energy is emitted from a luminous source (produces own light)

luminous intensity

measure of light emitted by a source - in candelas usually

illumination (technical definition)

amount of luminous flux per unit area (lux)

Three things that affect the light we get for a task

(1) Type of lamp, (2) Color temperature of lamp (3) Diffusing device on the lamp

Three types of glare

discomfort glare, disability glare, blinding glare

psychophysical measures of noise

phon and sone

Phon

subjective equality of sound

Sone

relative loudness of sounds

Three types of hearing loss

Presbycusis, Sociocusis, Occupational loss

Presbycusis

aging hearing loss

Sociocusis

hearing loss due to non-occupational noise

Occupational loss

loss due to continued exposure to sound

Proprioceptors

sensory receptors that tell us where our limbs are in space relative to the rest of our body

Semicircular canals

3-way coordinate system stimulated with acceleration

Vestibular Sacs

affected by gravity (tells orientation in space)

maximum exposure formula length of time it looks at

8-hour day

OK OK OK

LALALAL

vibration is a function of

frequency and intensity

Power spectral density plots

Power at specific (discrete) frequencies (shown in a graph)

Root mean square acceleration

Quantifies mechanical vibrations that the human body can be exposed too - (among other uses as a statistical method)

two types of vibration

Continuous and periodic vibration

hand-arm vibration syndrome

transfer of

energy from vibrating tool causes

vasoconstriction in the hands and fingers

"white finger" syndrome

G-force

gravitational force (measures in multiples of regular gravity)

lux

how many lumens (measurement of luminous flux) per square meter

lumen

measurement of luminous flux

specular glare

occurs when the image reflected by the relatively bright light appears in the field of vision. - smooth surface

diffuse glare

Spreads light in all directions (ex. glass crystal ball)

veiling reflections

Regular reflections superimposed upon diffuse reflections from an object that partially or totally obscure the details to be seen by reducing the contrast. This is sometimes called reflected glare.

transient adaption

eyes' adjustment between light and dark

TAC: Event Horizon

Iron in MRI Machine kills patient - due to oxygen running out in the room, rushed panic, no microphone in MRI room

dry bulb temperature

not affected by the moisture of the air

relative humidity

amount of water vapor relative to the max amount

Wet bulb temperature

considers air temp, radiant temp, humidity

effective temperature

reflects combined effects of air temp, relative humidity and air velocity on an individual

factors affecting ability to cope with heat

fitness (fitter=better), age, gender (men better), body fat (less = better), alcohol (less better)

things that diminish at high heat (2 factors)

physical productivity, complex cognitive (and perceptual-motor performance) (NOT simple cognitive tasks)

Things that diminish with cold

muscle strength, endurance, tactile sensitivity, (manual performance) - (NOT mental performance)

acclimation

adjustment to one climate variable (often temp)

acclimatization

Adjustment to multiple environmental conditions (ex. temp and relative humidity)

heat index

a combination of temperature and humidity

team

social entities composed of members with high task interdependency and values common goals

Taskwork

Work that doesn't involve interaction with other team members

Team Performance

evaluates the process of tasks completed by teams

Team Effectiveness

evaluates outcomes of team performance

Crew Resource Management (CRM)

Directly training team skills (ex. assertiveness and communication)

Team Cognition

how the team acquires, stores, and uses information

The big 5 of teamwork (LAMOB)

team Leadership, Adaptability, Mutual performance monitoring, team Orientation, Backup behavior

Team Orientation

A preference for working with others and a tendency to enhance individual performance in group settings

Three attributes of Multi-team systems

compositional attributes, linkage attributes, developmental attributes

compositional attributes (multi-team systems)

demographic characteristics of MTS and characteristics of individual teams

developmental attributes (multi-team systems)

progression of MTS's over time

Transactive mental models

Common understanding of tasks and roles

Emergent states

beliefs that team members have about the team's goals, team member abilities and interpersonal norms

Deficiency Presentation - Showerhead activation

the knob to turn on the water was in a confusing location

Input-Process-Output Model

a model that provides links among team inputs, processes, and outputs (team work is more than just a sum of its parts)

Input-mediator-Outcome Model

Evolution of IPO Model (Input-Process-Output Model) - accounts for cyclical work and multiple team goals

modern vs. early team research

modern focuses on how team members interact, early focuses on mechanical schemes

Team training three essential characteristics (KSA)

Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes

8 main findings of 2008 paper (Connects)

Shared cognition matters, can be Measured, team Training is good, Synthetic task environments used, team performance can be Modeled, Factors for team performance, Tech can improve team performance, Interdisciplinary nature