Social Studies Praxis

Indigenous Peoples

This refers to the native groups living in North America before European contact with diverse cultures and languages

Traditional Ecological Knowledge

This is the type of knowledge Indigenous peoples used to understand and manage the environment sustainably

Oral Tradition

This is the method of passing down stories

European Colonization

This refers to the settlement and control of the Americas by European powers

Major European Powers

This is the group of countries that included Spain

Northwest Passage

This is the sea route through the Arctic that European explorers searched for to reach Asia faster

Main Motive for Exploration

This refers to the desire to find a faster trade route to Asia

Spanish Motives

This refers to Spain’s goal of gaining gold and searching for the Northwest Passage

French Motives

This refers to France’s goal of spreading Christianity and searching for the Northwest Passage

English Motives

This refers to England’s goal of colonization and searching for the Northwest Passage

Christopher Columbus

This is the explorer who reached the Americas in 1492 while sailing for Spain

Hernán Cortés

This is the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire

Leif Erikson

This is the Norse explorer who reached North America around the year 1000

John Cabot

This is the explorer who reached mainland North America for England

Amerigo Vespucci

This is the explorer that the Americas were named after

Vasco Núñez de Balboa

This is the explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan

This is the explorer whose expedition was the first to circle the globe

St. Augustine

This is the oldest city in the United States founded by Spain in 1565

Jamestown

This is the first permanent English colony founded in 1607

Plymouth Colony

This is the settlement founded in 1620 by a group seeking religious freedom

Rhode Island

This is the colony founded for religious freedom by Roger Williams

Roger Williams

This is the leader who founded Rhode Island and supported religious freedom

House of Burgesses

This is the first representative assembly in the American colonies

George Yeardley

This is the governor associated with the establishment of the House of Burgesses

Queen Elizabeth I

This is the English monarch who supported exploration and colonization

Sir Walter Raleigh

This is the explorer who attempted to found the Roanoke Colony

Roanoke Colony

This is the first English colony that mysteriously disappeared

John Smith

This is the leader who helped Jamestown survive in its early years

John Rolfe

This is the settler who helped Jamestown succeed by growing tobacco and marrying Pocahontas

Pilgrims

This is the group that founded Plymouth Colony for religious freedom

Puritans

This is the group that founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony

William Penn

This is the leader who founded Pennsylvania and supported religious freedom

Dutch West India Company

This is the company that established the colony of New Netherland

New Netherland

This is the Dutch colony that later became New York

Enslaved Africans

This refers to the people forced into labor in the colonies beginning in 1619

Disease Impact

This refers to the effect where European diseases caused a major decline in Indigenous populations

Land Loss

This refers to the loss of land experienced by Indigenous peoples due to European settlement

13 Colonies

This is the group of British colonies on the east coast that became the United States in 1776

Purpose of 13 Colonies

This refers to the goal of making profit for England and providing opportunity for settlers

Virginia

This is the first English colony founded in 1607 at Jamestown

New York

This is the former Dutch colony called New Amsterdam that was taken by Englan

New Hampshire

This is the colony founded in 1623 for fishing and trade

Massachusetts

This is the colony founded by Pilgrims and Puritans

Maryland

This is the colony founded as a refuge for Catholics

Connecticut

This is the colony founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom

Rhode Island

This is the colony founded for religious freedom by Roger Williams

Delaware

This is the colony originally founded by Swedes and later controlled by the English

North Carolina

This is the colony settled by farmers from Virginia

South Carolina

This is the colony founded for agriculture and trade

New Jersey

This is the colony originally settled by the Dutch and later controlled by the English

Pennsylvania

This is the colony founded by William Penn for religious freedom

Georgia

This is the colony founded as a place for debtors and as protection from Spanish Florida

William Penn

This is the leader who founded Pennsylvania and was a Quaker

James Oglethorpe

This is the leader who founded Georgia

Lord Baltimore

This is the leader who founded Maryland as a refuge for Catholics

Roger Williams

This is the leader who founded Rhode Island for religious freedom

Thomas Hooker

This is the leader who founded Connecticut

Self-Government

This refers to the system where colonies created their own laws and governed themselves

Colonial Economy

This refers to the system based on agriculture and trade

Colonial Diversity

This refers to the presence of many different European groups in the colonies

American Revolution

This is the war where the colonies fought for independence from Britain

Mayflower, Susan Constant, & Godspeed

This is the ship that brought the Pilgrims to Plymouth in 1620

Arabella

This is the flagship that brought Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Half Moon

This is the ship used by Henry Hudson to explore the Hudson River

Anne and Little James

These are the ships that brought supplies and settlers to Plymouth Colony

Mayflower Compact

This is the agreement that established self-government and majority rule in Plymouth

Taxation Without Representation

This refers to colonists being taxed by Britain without having representation in Parliament

Sugar Act

This is the law that placed a tax on sugar in 1764

Stamp Act

This is the law that taxed printed materials in 1765

Tea Act

This is the law that taxed tea and led to colonial protest

Boston Tea Party

This is the protest where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor

Intolerable Acts

These are the harsh laws passed by Britain after the Boston Tea Party

Quartering Act

This is the law requiring colonists to house British soldiers

Navigation Acts

These are the laws that restricted colonial trade to England

Proclamation of 1763

This is the law that banned settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

Enlightenment

This is the movement that promoted reason

John Locke

This is the philosopher who influenced ideas of natural rights and government

Thomas Paine

This is the writer who supported independence through his work Common Sense

First Continental Congress

This is the meeting in 1774 where colonies responded to British policies

Second Continental Congress

This is the meeting that organized the war effort and moved toward independence

Declaration of Independence

This is the document that declared independence in 1776

Boston Massacre

This is the 1770 event where British soldiers killed five colonists in Boston

Cause of Boston Massacre

This refers to the tensions caused by British troops and taxes like the Townshend Acts

Townshend Acts

These are the taxes placed on imported goods like glass

Boston Massacre Impact

This refers to how the event was used as propaganda to increase anti-British feelings

Sons of Liberty

This is the group that organized resistance against British rule

Boston Tea Party

This is the 1773 protest where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor

Cause of Boston Tea Party

This refers to colonial opposition to the Tea Act

Tea Act

This is the law that allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies

Boston Tea Party Ships

These are the ships named Dartmouth, Eleanor, and Beaver

Intolerable Acts

These are the punishment laws passed after the Boston Tea Party

Sons of Liberty Leaders

These are the leaders Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Paul Revere

American Revolutionary War

This is the war fought between the colonies and Britain from 1775 to 1783

Cause of Revolutionary War

This refers to taxation without representation and lack of self-government

Lexington and Concord

These are the first battles of the Revolutionary War in 1775

Declaration of Independence

This is the document that declared independence in 1776

Thomas Jefferson

This is the leader who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence

Battle of Saratoga

This is the 1777 turning point that helped gain French support

Siege of Yorktown

This is the final major battle where Britain was defeated in 1781

George Washington

This is the leader of the American forces during the Revolutionary War