Cell Biology Exam 1

Modern Cell Theory

energy flow occurs w/in cells

herditary info is passed from cell to cell

all cells have same basic chem composition

Cristae

inner mitochondrial matrix

nucleolus

where ribosomes are made

ER

lipid synthesis

golgi

complex involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins or lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

lysosome

special enzymes to break down macromolecules to be used in other parts of cell

peroxisome

oxidative breakdown of toxic molecules

compartmentalization

allows for increased rxn speed and protection

Bacteria (E. coli)

proteins similar to euk

short generation time

fungal models (yeast)

cell cycle regulation - similar to humans

plants model organisms

arabidopsis thaliana

zea mays - jumping genes

algae model organism

chlamydomonas

Roundworms (c. elegans)

trnasparent, not a lot of tools available, cell death

Fruit flies (drosophila)

multicellular, short regeneration time, immune system, have almsot all genes in humans

-cant freeze, can lose mutation if they die

zebrafish (danio rerio)

embryonic development - develops outside, see through, easy to breed

-vertebrates - more rules

Mice (mus musculus)

best for human learning, longer gen. time, not many marker chromosomes

western blot

detect specific proteins in a sample through gel electrophoresis and transfer to a membrane, followed by antibody binding.

co-immunoprecipitation

a technique used to isolate and study protein-protein interactions by using an antibody to capture a specific protein along with its binding partners.

colocalization

tells if proteins are in same general area - NOT if they interact or close enough to interact - CELLS DEAD (using anit-bodies)

FRET - fluorescence resonance energy transfer

tells if protein comes close enough to interact - 2 proteins w/ two fluorophores, shine light to excite one, lets out color, if theyre close the energy is accepted by other fluorophore and it emits different color

FRAP - fluorescence recovery after photobleaching

overwhelm protein with laser, eliminates fluorescence, observe over time and see if fluorescence returns, if it recovers it means it moves a lot

photoactivation fluorescence microscopy

see where group of proteins that are illuminated move