WEEK 2 clinicals ROTATION

a

Amalgam restorations

silver colored dental restorative material made of a mixture of mainly silver, metals, primarily mercury, silver, tin, and copper, used to fill cavities in teeth.

Amalgam carver

dental instruments used as part of restorative procedures to carve anatomical features and remove excess materials.

Amalgam procedure instruments

Tofflemire matrix retainer- Holds Matrix band ans allows for tightening of matrix bands and creating proper contours for amalgam restorations.

Tofflemire matrix band- a thin strip of metal used to create a temporary wall around a tooth for filling with amalgam.

Wooden Wedge - A small piece of wood used to hold the matrix band in place and ensure a tight seal during the amalgam filling process.

Condenser- Instrument used to pack amalgam against the floor and walls of a prepared tooth

Amalgam carrier - used to carry amalgam to a prepared tooth

Tofflemire matrix retainer

- Holds Matrix band ans allows for tightening of matrix bands and creating proper contours for amalgam restorations.

Tofflemire matrix band

- a thin strip of metal used to create a temporary wall around a tooth for filling with amalgam.

Wooden Wedge

- A small piece of wood used to hold the matrix band in place and ensure a tight seal during the amalgam filling process.

Condenser

- Instrument used to pack amalgam against the floor and walls of a prepared tooth

Amalgam carrier

- used to carry amalgam to a prepared tooth

amalgam carver

• Instrument used to shape and carve the surface of an amalgam restoration after it has been placed in the tooth.

amalgamator

machine to mix alloy and merucry

burnisher

instrument used to smooth the harden surface and margins of an amalgam restoration

dapen dish/ amalgam well

Made of metal or glass picked up with amalgam carrier and hand to dentist

wooden wedge

amalgamator

amalgam carrier

amalgam carver

ball burnisher

1.Tarnishes

, typically used only for posteriors due to lack of esethic appeal

contains toxic mercuryThese are disadvantages of amalgam restorations

These are disadvantages of amalgam restorations

whats the purpose of matrix retainers?

when interproximal wall been removed To hold the matrix band in place and create a proper contour for amalgam restorations.

composite filling-

a tooth-colored resin restoration

Composite restoration procedure

Anesthetic/ anesthesia

prep tooth/ Remove Decay

Acid Etch (If applicable 15 seconds)

Rinse/ Dry

Prime ’Dry

Bond

Cure

Apply composite

cure

adjust if needed

Check occlusion with articulating paper

coronal polish

composite procedure cont’d instruments

high speed hand piece

low speed hand piece

plastic instruments

micro brush

polishing cup/point ‘

curing light

coronal polishing

a technique used to remove plaque and stains and smooths restorations from coronal surfaces of the teeth

Wax bite impression

Most useful in fabrication of diagnostic casts relationship between complete maxillary and mandibular aches

Aseptic technique

refers to creating a procedure free of disease producing organism

Osha may review procedures and practices in a dental office for compliance when

1.An employee or patient complaint is made

2.periodically in a office of eleven or more employees

3.When requested by an office

some standards of the 1992 osha bloodborne pathogen standard

Provide written procedure for thr event of an exposure

explain biohazards and labeling to employees

plan for disposal of hazardous waste materials

Overall guidelines for infection control

1.Sterilize everything that can be sterilized

2.use disposable whenever possible (easier to dispose of than disinfect)

3.use barriers whenever possible

Biohazardous material is disposed in specially marked containers and sent to an outside biohazard agencyBiohazard waste disposal

Biohazard waste disposal

Biohazard waste

Blood- or blood-soaked items that may release blood or infectious material

tissue and extracted teeth

contaminated needles surgical blade or other disposable sharps

Biohazard sharps container-

Sharp instruments and needles should be placed in a puncture resistant sharps container and sent to an outside biohazard agency for safe disposal do not reuse sharps.

MAKE SURE TO USE THE ONE-HANDED TECHNIQUE WHEN RECAPPING A SYRINGE PRIOR TO DISPOSAL

One handed recapping technique

Place a cap on hard flat surface slide syringe needle into cap

scoop up with syringe needle so that cap sitting on needle

using a hard flat surface press cap onto needle until cap snaps into place

If an employee is exposed what should the employer do ?

The employer should immediately make available a confidential medical evaluation at no cost to the employee. There should be a complete written report following osha guidelines prepared for an osha incident .

operator barriers list some examples

Disposable gloves disposable face mask/ shields eye wear lab jacket gown

when it is not possible to provide surface barriers what do you do for disinfection?

use spray wipe method

Etiology

relationship of cause origin or reason for and the effect of a disease

Microbiology

The study of microorganism

bacteria

viruses

protozoa

rickettsiae

mold

sanitization

A form of instrument or surface preparation that physically removes dirt and debris from the object of sanitization

sanitizatiom using the ultrasonic

Disinfection

The process of using chemicals UV light or ionizing radiation as a method to kill bacteria with the expectation of spores and persistent microorganism

Sterilization AKA COMPLETE DESTRUCTION OF MICROORGANISMS

The process of destroying microorganism and the pathogenic products via moist heat under pressure liquids or dry heat

Liquid sterilization

May be accomplished with certain chemicals where exposure to heat is not indicated for a particular instrument

Dry heat sterilization

Works very similar to an oven temperature much reach 140 degrees for 171-degree instruments which may rust, or hinged instruments can be effectively sterilized in dry heat in about one hour

Chemical vapor sterilization

uses special solution for vapor with exposure time about 20 minutes at 270 degrees

steam sterilization autoclave

operates as pressure cooker three minutes at 270 degrees

Handwashing

wet your hands

soap

lather and scrub 20 sec

rinse 10 sec

turn off tap

dry your hands

Advantages of digital radiography

Immediate viewing of images

Less Radiation

No chemicals

No processing errors

Ability to enhance images

Communication with other dentist

90% less radiation

Disadvantages of digital radiography

COST

CONVERTING PREVIOUS RECORDS TO DIGITAL

LEARNING COMPUTER SOFTWARES

THICKNESS AND RIGIDTY OF SENSORS

Surgical aspirating tips

Plastic or metal long thin tapered suction tips used to remove blood and debris from surgical area

Retractors

used to retract soft tissue wide and flat with handle

bite block

black plastic block used to hold a pt mouth open during a procedure

Rongeur forceps

concave ended forceps used to trim and smooth jagged bone

irrigating syringe

used with sterile soluton to clean extraction site

Surgical Bur

Similar to fraction grip bur has longer shaft for longer reach

Cavity varnish

Varnish applied after cavity preparation that seals the exposed dentin tubules preventing chemical irritants from restorative materials and cements from reaching the dental pulp .

Dental Liners

used in the deepest portion of a cavity preparation or as a pulp cap

also type of sealant containing hydroxide or zinc oxide used during resin restoration

the liner is applied to a cavity preparation in the same manner as a cavity varnish

Dental materials - Base

Protective - To protect the pulp for sensitivity and damage before restoration is placed

Insulating-placed in deep preparations to protect the tooth form thermal shock

sedative- help to soothe pulp damage by decay or irritaited fr

Amalgam

composed of silver alloy mercury

zinc phosphate

type of cement consisting of a liquid and powder that are mixed together on a cool glass slab due to the exothermic reaction that takes place

smear layer

after a tooth is prepared a microscopic layer of mineralized tooth and bacterial debris known as the smear layer remains on the tooth the smear layer must be removed before bonding of composite can take place.

acid tech is applied to the tooth to completely clean and roughen the surface of the tooth

The tooth is rinsed dried and ready for prime and bond and composite n

luting

Cementation if metallic restoration such as crowns bridges orthodontic appliances inlays and on lays

why do we use fabricate study models?

diagnostic casts

demonstration of dental

carver/celoid-discoid

Bladed instruments used to carve the dental anatomy into a restoration

plastic instruments

used to mix carry condense trim soft materials

straight handpieces

uses longer burs stones or disk and are frictioj grip design

panoramic radiography

Example of extraoral radiography

panoramic radiographs show the entire maxilla and mandible on single film

Anatomical landmarks -Maxillary anatomical landmarks

1. Maxillary sinus

2. Large central incisors

3. incisive foramen

4. 3rd rooted 1st molars

5. coronoid process of the manible

radiopaque

area is light due to object being very dense

radiolucent

area is very dark due to object being less dense

dense well defined bone

why would a image Appear more radiopaque in comparison to the less dense bone to the maxillae?

Who on November 8 1895 discovered x rays

wilhem poentgen

the penetrating power of x ray radiation is measured by

KV

what controls the amount of exposure time an x ray film receives

KV/MA

PRIMARY RADIATION

Produced by an x ray machine

secondary radiation

produced when primary radiation borrows off or passes thru objects

name some effects of overexposure of x ray radiation

damage to sex cells

defects in future generations

List two ways an operator may avoid overexposure of x ray radiation

stand back 6-8 feet

stand behind thick wall

List two ways to protect the patient from unnecessary radiation

avoid retakes

lead protectors

name three types of intraoral films

Bite wings

PA

OCCLUSAL

IDENTIFY THE PROPER USE OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF X RAY FILms

no.2 adult

no.0 pedo

A blurred image on a radiograph is caused by

moving tube head/ patient moving

overlapping of teeth on a x ray is caused by

improper horizontal angle

elongation or shortening of teeth on an x ray is caused by

improper vertical angle

Periapical radiograph

contains entire tooth and surrounding bone structure

Bitewing radiograph

what radiograph Contains crown portions of opposing mand/max.

panoramic radiograph

contains both full arches and surrounding structures

List six radiogrph landmarks and explain the locatio

An ultrasonic cleaner involves the use of sound waves vibrations and special solutions to remove debris from instruments

True

It is not necessary for dental workers to wear face protection

False

Disinfection is used in the dental operatory for the following that cannot conveniently be sterilized

Counter tops

sterilization

is the total destruction of all forms of microorganisms

The advantages of the autoclave in the dental office is that it will give you fast sterilization and its convenient to use

true

osha may come into your office to review procedures and practices whren

AN employee or pt complaint is made

periodically in an office of 11 or more employees

All of the above

Instruments should be soaked in a closed ultrasonic cleaner using one of the recommended disinfecting solution before putting them into a sterilization pouch of the following reason:

To prevent debris from remaining on the instruments

to prevent the spread of airborne microorganism

to begin the process of killing microrgranisms

all of the above

A radiolucent area of a radiograph appears

Dark

A radiopaque area of a radiograph appears

Light

The cone cut is the result of

Light exposure of the film

identify three maxillary landmarks use in mounting radiographs

pa oclusal bitewing