NHA CCMA: Anatomy and Physiology useful

What condition is commonly associated with pyrexia?

Commonly associated with infections

Pyrex-

fever

-ia

condition

Pyrexia could also refer to?

fever

Define thrombophlebitis

Blood clot in the vein

Define atherosclerosis

Build-up of fat and cholesterol in the artery walls

Define the condition PAD (peripheral artery disease)

Narrow arteries cause reduced blood flow to the arms or legs

Define pulmonary embolism (PE)

Blood clots block blood flow to the lungs

What structure in the body moves substances along passageways in the body?

Cillia

What are small finger-like projections (folds) found in the wall of the small intestine?

Villi

What structure provides shape and support to cells?

Cytoskeleton

What is found on certain cells that create a rotating motion that are whip-like tails?

Flagella

What are some common areas that cillia is found?

Lungs and fallopian tubes

What is the medical term for antibodies?

Immunoglobulin

What are signaling molecules that facilitate communication between cells in the immune response?

Cytokines

What is a molecule that triggers an immune response?

Antigens

What is the tissue that connects bones to other bones?

Ligament

What structure attaches muscle to bones?

Tendon

What tissue is found on the surface of bones?

cartilage

Varicella is also known as?

Chicken Pox

What is rhinovirus also known as?

Common cold

Hepatitis ABC is also known as?

Liver disease?

Shingles is also known as?

herpes zoster

What disease is chronic inflammatory bowel disease?

Crohn's disease

What condition can affect the colon that may include lower abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits?

Diverticulitis

Is it too early to tell if a person is pregnant has had unprotected sexual intercourse within the past 72 hours?

Yes

What is a condition in which plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries?

Atherosclerosis

What is a major risk factor that can cause atherosclerosis?

Smoking

What is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat?

Heart murmur

What does CSF stand for?

cerebrospinal fluid

What is the fluid that travels within the lymphatic system?

Lymph

what test is used to see the percentage of red blood cells in the blood?

Hematocrit (Hct)

What condition would show too few red blood cells?

Anemia

what condition would show too many red blood cells?

Polycythemia

What are normal hematocrit values for adult men?

41% - 53%

What are normal hematocrit values for adult women?

36% - 46%

Aspirin is what type of medication?

Antiplatelet

Warfarin is what type of medication?

Anticoagulant

Presbyopia is what type of condtion?

Age-related condition, decreased ability to focus on close objects

Myopia is what type of condition?

Difficulty seeing distant objects clearly (nearsightedness)

What condition is hyperopia?

Difficulty seeing close objects (farsightedness)

Zoloft is used to treat what?

Depression

Lipitor is used to treat what?

Low cholesterol levels

Prinivil is used to treat what?

High blood pressure

Xanax is used to treat what?

Anxiety and panic disorders

Is blood connective tissue?

Yes

Define grave's disease

Autoimmune condition that overstimulates the thyroid gland leading to hyperthyroidism

Define Define addison's disease

Adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones

Define osteomyelitis

infection of the bone

What word best fits with a widespread outbreak of a disease?

Pandemic

What word best fits a disease that is constantly present in a certain geographic area?

Endemic

What word best describes an outbreak of a disease?

Epidemic

Lisinopril is used for what?

Used as an anti-hypertensive drug

Metformin is used as an?

oral diabetes medication

Prednisone is used to treat?

Inflammation and immune system disorders

Corticosteroids are used for what?

Treat inflammation and immune system disorders

Furosemide is used to remove?

Extra fluid from the body

Diuretics

Removes fluid from the body and help with heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease

Rinne's test is used to test for what?

Hearing loss (tunning fork behind and in front of the ear)

Weber's test is used to test for what?

Hearing loss (tunning fork on head)

Ishihara test is used for what?

Color vision test

Define rheumatoid arthritis

Autoimmune reaction leading to joint inflammation

What condition weakens bones and could break them?

Osteoporosis

What symptom is where chest pain occurs to reduced blood flow to the heart?

Angina

What autoimmune condition is where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland leading to hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

What autoimmune condition could lead to hyperthyroidism?

Grave's disease

What syndrome is characterized by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome

What word can define an enlargement of the thyroid gland?

Goiter

Blood sugar levels in individuals without diabetes are from 70 - 90 mg/dL could be considered as?

Normal

Normal blood sugar levels for a diabetic can look like #mg/dL?

70 - 126 mg/dL

What term can best define chronic lung disease caused by long-term smoking?

Emphysema

Amoxicillin belongs to what class of drugs?

Antibiotics

What structure is part of both the endocrine and digestive systems?

Pancreas

What structure releases insulin and glucagon

Pancreas

What structure produces digestive enzymes to break down food in the small intestine?

Pancreas

What genetic condition causes excessive iron buildup in the body?

Hemochromatosis

What condition causes excessive hair growth in women?

Hirsutism

What condition refers to elevated levels of lipids (fats)?

Hyperlipidemia

COPD stands for?

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

What condition is characterized by having breathing difficulty while lying down?

Orthopnea

Have general feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of well-being could indicate?

Malaise

Pressure of circulating blood against blood vessel walls can be define as?

Blood pressure

What is the medical term for urination?

micturition

What word best defines wave-like muscles contractions that move through the digestive system?

Peristalsis

What is the process of blood clotting and the stopping of bleeding?

Hemostasis

Define the process of metastasis

Cancer which can spread from the original location

Define radiation therapy

Treatment that use high-energy beams that kill cancer cells

Define abdominal aortic aneurysm

Enlarged area in the lower part of the aorta that supplies blood to the body

Define kinesthetic learning

Learning by seeing the action and performing it

What structure is responsible for exchanging oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the blood and the body's cells?

Capillaries

Define what a hernia is

Organ or tissue protrudes through an opening in the muscle or connective tissue.

Define a inguinal hernia

Bowel bulges near groin

Define incisional hernia

Bowel bulges near surgical scar

What two systems are responsible for maintaining a homostasis?

endocrine and nervous systems

What system has immune functions and transports lymph?

Lymphatic system

What system produces and secretes hormones?

Endocrine system

What action refers to swallowing air

aerophagia

What pharmacokinetic processes is primarily affected by liver dysfunction

Metabolism

What wave on the EKG represents atrial depolarization?

P wave (atria contract)

What does QRS wave complex represent?

Ventricular repolarization (ventricles relax)