science mid term

Chemistry

The study of the composition, structure, properties of matter, processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.

Organic Chemistry

Most carbon containing chemicals.

Inorganic Chemistry

Non carbon compounds.

Physical Chemistry

The study of properties and changes of matter.

Analytical Chemistry

The identification of the components and compositions of materials.

Biochemical Chemistry

The identification of the components and compositions of materials.

Theoretical Chemistry

The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior.

Matter

Anything that has mass or takes up space.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means.

Compound

Two or more elements chemically combined, also a pure substance.

Physical Properties

Can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the matter.

Extensive Properties

Depends on the amount of matter present.

Intensive Properties

Independent of the amount of matter present.

Chemical Properties

Describes the ability of a substance to undergo a change that alters the chemical properties.

Plasma

Most common phase of matter in the universe.

Reactant

A substance that enters into a chemical reaction.

Product

A substance that is formed by a chemical reaction.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed by physical or chemical means.

Heterogeneous Mixture

No uniform composition.

Homogeneous Mixture

Also called solutions.

Metals

Luster, high melting point.

Nonmetals

Poor conductors.

Metalloids

Semiconductors, all solid at room temperature.

Significant Figures

If there is a decimal point, zeros that follow the last nonzero are significant.

Accuracy

The closeness of a measurement to the correct accepted value of the quantity measured.

Precision

The closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.

Density

Mass per unit of volume, d=m/v.

Scientific Method

A logical approach to problem solving by observing and collecting data, formulating hypothesis, testing hypothesis, and formulating conclusions that are formulated by data.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass cannot be created or destroyed by physical or chemical means.

Dalton's Atomic Theory

1.) All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. 2.) Atoms of a given element are identical in size and mass and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties. 3.) Atoms cannot be created or destroyed or subdivided. 4.) Atoms of different elements combine into one whole number ratios to form compounds.