ap 2 quiz 3

dimensions of kidney

12cm long

6cm wide

3 cm thick

what makes up our urine?

95% water, urea from amino acids, creatinine phosphate, ions

dimensions of system

ureters: 25-30cm long, 6 mm in diameter

kidney: 12 cm long, 6cm wide, 3 cm thick

bladder

urethra 3-4 f 20 m

what is peristalsis?

to squeeze, involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in the renal pelvis and ureters that pushes urine from the kidneys to the bladder

how long is male and female urethra

m-20 cm long, largest port is penile port

f- 2-5cm

what’re the volumes of filtrate for males and females?

males- 180L, 125mL per min

females- 150L, 105 mL per min

what is the filtrate vessel of Urine made of?

afferent arterioles (blood vessels) made of JG cells.

what type of pores are in glomerular filtration?

glomerular endothelial cells have pores called fenestrae

What type of cell’s are bowman’s capsule made of?

podocyte cells, they have filtration slits in it

filtration pressure

GBHP 55mg. CHP 15mm and BCOP 30mm both working against GBHP. 55mm - (15mm+30mm) = 10mm.

filtration pressure is 10mm

water absorption in urinary system

descending loop: 15%

ascending loop: 25%

buffer systems in urinary system

regulates pH (meaning it moves hydrogen ions

1. carbonic acid bicarbonate: gets hydrogen out and attaches to something else

2. protein buffer system: drops hydrogen and reattaches

3. phosphate buffer system: filtered phosphate sits in the urine tubule, acting like a sponge for hydrogen ions

auto renal regulation mechanisms

step 1. myogenic mechanisms uses constriction (tightening) to activate receptors to “catch up”

step 2. tubular glomerular feedback. descending loop picks up 35% chloride ions. feedback releases constrictors to constrict and slow down to absorb everything.

four factors about urine flow

1. arterial pressure: pumping filtrate towards bowman’s capsule

2. aldosterone hormone: increases sodium uptake (attracts water)

3. ADH hormone/vasopressin: regulates homeostasis. (without this=constant pee)

4. glomerular filtration rate/GFR: rate of filtering urine from filtrate, measured in mercury