General Pharmacology - CNS Stimulants

What do CNS stimulants do?

Promote euphoria, elevate mood, or enhance alertness or attention

What are clinical uses of stimulants?

ADHD, narcolepsy, asthma, obesity, nasal and sinus congestion, hypotension due to anesthesia

What is a possible cause of ADHD?

Decreased DA receptors in the frontal lobes and small anterior cingulate gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC)

What are symptoms of ADHD?

Lack of attention, concentration, disorganization, difficulty completing tasks, fidgeting, talking excessively, poor social skills, forgetfulness, losing things

What is the most common stimulant?

Caffeine

What are the main types of stimulants?

Amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine

What are common adverse effects of stimulants?

Psychoses, tachycardia, sweating, shortness of breath, seizures, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, nervousness

What are OTC products that have caffeine?

Stay awake, No Doz, Vivarin

What is the main component in energy drinks?

Caffeine

What are uses of caffeine?

Restores mental alertness or wakefulness, idiopathic apnea of prematurity

What is the MOA of caffeine?

Inhibits phosphodiesterases, mildly increases NE and DA release, antagonist at adenosine A_2a receptors inhibiting sedation

What are adverse effects of caffeine?

Angina pectoris, chest pain, agitation, delirium, dizziness, hallucination, headache

How fast does caffeine tolerance occur?

Rapidly

What metabolizes caffeine?

CYP1A2

What are withdrawal symptoms of caffeine?

Fatigue and sedation, headaches, nausea

What is the MOA of amphetamines?

Blocks the reuptake of NE and DA into presynaptic neurons, releases NE and DA from storage sites in the presynaptic nerve terminals, inhibits MAO

Which amphetamine blocks the reuptake of serotonin?

MDMA

What are the therapeutic ampheramines?

Amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, dextroamphetamine plus amphetamine, diethylpropion

What are brand names of amphetamine?

Adzenys, Evekeo

What is the brand name of dextroamphetamine?

Dexedrine

What are brand names of methylphenidate?

Ritalin, Concerta

What is the brand name of dexmethylphenidate?

Focalin

What is the brand name of methamphetamine?

Desoxyn

What is the brand name of lisdexamfetamine?

Vyvanse

What is the brand name of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine?

Adderall

What are examples of recreational amphetamines?

Methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDPV

What is methamphetamine knownn as?

Ice/crank

What is MDMA known as?

Ecstasy

What is MDA known as?

Eve

What is MDPV known as?

Bath salts

What schedule are amphetamines?

Schedule 2

What are clinical uses of amphetamines?

ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity and appetite suppression

What amphetamines are used for ADHD?

Methylphenidate, Dexmethylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine, Amphetamine, Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine

What amphetamines are used for narcolepsy?

Methylphenidate, dextroamphetmine, amphetamine

What amphetamines are used for obesity and appetite suppression?

Diethylpropion

What are adverse effects of amphetamines?

acute myocardial infarction, aggressive behavior, psychosis, drug abuse, appetite suppression, anorexia, hypertension, insomnia

What are clinical uses of ephedrine?

Anesthesia-induced hypotension, acute bronchospasm, narcolepsy

What is the MOA of ephedrine?

Releases tissue stores of NE and thereby produces and alpha and beta-adrenergic stimulation

How is ephedrine administered?

IM and IV

How is ephedrine excreted?

Primarily unchanged in the urine

What are adverse effects of ephedrine?

Angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, anxiety, confusion, delirium, nervousness, anorexia