Chapter 6: Revolutionary War (2023-2024)

Who is Nathan Hale?

spy who wished he had more lives to give to his country

What was the involvement of Native Americans in the Revolution?

more sided with the British who they saw as less of a threat

Who was the German officer who drilled troops and improved sanitation at Valley Forge?

Baron von Steuben

How did Washington show excellent leadership skills at the Battle of Long Island?

He coordinates the retreat of the army across the East River

Who was Francis Marion?

called the "Swamp Fox" because of his raids in South Carolina

What is to desert?

to leave the army without permission

Who was Charles Cornwallis?

British commander of the South who surrendered his troops at Yorktown

Who was Marquis de Lafayette?

a French nobleman who was called "the soldier's friend" by enlisted Patriots

what is a blockade?

a wall of troops or warships to block off an area

What problem resulted from Congress printing and issuing paper money?

the amount of paper dollars grew faster than the amount of gold and silver backing their value

What was the last major battle of the war that convinced the British that the war was just too difficult and costly to continue?

Battle of Yorktown

Who were Americans who wanted to remain British subjects?

Loyalists (also known as Tories)

Where did Patriot forces endure a winter of terrible suffering?

Valley Forge

What was an American WEAKNESS during the war?

they had no source of revenue (incoming money), not enough equipment, not as many people

What were Continental soldiers threatening to do after they had not received money owed to them during the war?

lead a revolt

What are individually owned merchant ships that were allowed to attack enemy ships during war?

privateers?

What nation signed a treaty of alliance with the revolutionary United States?

France

What was an American STRENGTH during the war?

tricking the enemies and using deception, better leadership, more motivation

What was the agreement whereby the United States was recognized as an independent nation?

the Treaty of Paris

What disease was the biggest cause of death during the winter Washington's troops camped at Valley Forge?

smallpox

On Dec.26, 1776, Patriots surprised a Hessian garrison and scored a victory at what battle?

Trenton

What was a British WEAKNESS during the war?

having to bring supplies from so far away, fighting in a foreign place, not experienced in frontier fighting

After the war, what did the British agree to?

remove their troops from U.S. territory

After the war, what would become the U.S.'s western boundary?

the Mississippi River

What does it mean to ratify?

to approve

Back on the home front, how were Loyalists often treated?

as victims of mob violence

What was a British STRENGTH during the war?

having the best navy in the world, having the wealth of an empire, highly developed manufacturing

According to Thomas Paine, what will a "summer soldier" and a "sunshine Patriot" do in a crisis?

Give up

Who was George Rogers Clark?

Patriot who set out to put an end to the British attacks on western settlers

What country diverted British troops and resources by declaring their own war on the British in 1779?

Spain

Who are mercenaries?

hired soldiers paid to fight for a country

What American delegate won over foreign support for the Patriots in France?

Ben Franklin

Why did the British believe they would have more success fighting in the South?

There would be more Loyalist support, African Americans would join them upon the promise of freedom, there are a number of ports they can use

Who was John Paul Jones?

Patriot who shouted from his ship, "I have not yet begun to fight!"

How did Benedict Arnold convince British troops to call off their siege of Fort Stanwix?

He deceived them into thinking his army was much larger than it really was

What new technology allowed Patriot frontiersmen to attack the British from a distance?

rifle

What is inflation?

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Revolutionary ideals of liberty and equality inspired what two groups to demand more rights for themselves?

African Americans and women

what is guerrilla warfare?

a hit and run technique used by small bands of soldiers

How did the Patriot army break traditional rules of 18th c. warfare?

They targeted British officers, they fought during wintertime, they fought from behind the landscape