plasma membrane (64-86)

What type of linkage is used in the plasma membrane of archaea

ether

What type of linkage is used in the plasma membrane of bacteria

ester

where do the hydrocarbons from the plasma membrane from archaea come from?

isoprene units

whats the advantage of ether bonds?

they are more resistant to chemicals and high temperatures

what is the bilipid plasma membrane made up of in archaea

glycerol 1 phosphate, ether linkage, phytanyl

what is the monolayer plasma membrane made up of in archaea

ether linkage, biphytanyl, glycerol 1 phosphate

what is the bilayer plasma membrane in bacteria and eukarya made up of

glycerol 3 phosphate, ester linkage, and fatty acid chain

archeal cell wall major component (layer)?

S layer

How are NAG and NAM connected in peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls

beta 1,4 linkage

how are NAG and NAT connected in pseudomurein in archaeal cell walls

beta 1,2 linkage

Archaeal cell walls are crosslinked by peptides on NAT made up of what?

l-amino acids

bacterial cell walls are crosslinked by peptides on NAM made up of what

d-amino acids

what do transpeptidases look for in bacterial cells

D-ala residues to release it and form a new residue

will lysozyme work in archaea

no because its missing the beta 1-4 linkage and instead it usually targets bacteria

how does histones work

superoil DNA and then wrap around histones

purpose of histones

package DNA and protects it

difference between eukaryotic histone versus archaeal histone

eukaryotic histone is twice as big

Cytoskeleton homologues purpose

keep internal space organized and determine cell shape

in bacteria is s layer part of the cell wall?

no

do archaea have capsules or slime layers

no

in archaea is s layer part of the cell wall?

yes

features only in archaea (not in bacteria)

cannulae (link cells together) and hami (attatchment to cell surfaces)

how is archaea flagella different from bacterial flagella

archaea flagella is thinner cause its not hollow, growing from base, made up of two or more types of flagellin protein while bacteria made up of only flagellin

where does energy come from to move flagella for archaea

hydrolyze ATP

what happens when you move clockwise in flagella in archaea

back up, not tumble

what do the genes in archaeal flagella tell us

similar to bacterial genes that make pillon

what determines metabolic pathways

enzymes

how do enzymes lower ea

increase concentration of substrates

how are substrates oriented

enzyme bind to substrate and come with enough force to break bonds and transition substrate to product

turnover number for enzymes

how quickly it can turn substrate to product

how does lock and key model work?

substrate bind to active site (key) on enzyme and turn into product