Medical Ethics Exam 3 Quizzes

Which of the following does Singer believe?

a) Potential parents should not be allowed to use IVF to overcome infertility because IVF involves illicit acts

b) Potential parents should be allowed to use IVF to overcome infertility when they cannot adopt

c) Potential parents should not be allowed to use IVF to overcome infertility because IVF is risky for the offspring

d) Potential parents should not be allowed to use IVF to overcome infertility because IVF ruins the sanctity of marriage

b) Potential parents should be allowed to use IVF to overcome infertility when they cannot adopt

When does Purdy believe procreation is immoral?

a) When the potential parents are going to be unable to financially support their offspring

b) When the potential parents are at risk of passing hamrful diseases to their offspring

c) When the potential parents intend to rely on IVF (or other unnatural methods) to aid in conception

d) When the potential parents already have "too many" children

b) When the potential parents are at risk of passing hamrful diseases to their offspring

Thomson: What is the purpose of the acorn and tree example?

a) It argues that destroying acorns is just as wrong as destroying trees.

b) It argues that personhood begins at conception.

c) It argues that personhood does not begin at conception.

d) It argues that acorns are technically trees.

c) It argues that personhood does not begin at conception.

Thomson: The violinist example is meant to be a parallel for...?

a) The permissibility of abortion in all cases

b) The permissibility of abortion in cases where contraception didn't work

c) The permissibility of abortion in rape cases

d) The prohibitance of abortion

c) The permissibility of abortion in rape cases

Thomson: What is the violinist example used for?

a) It demonstrates that pregnancy is inconvenient

b) It demonstrates that we are obligated to save the lives of those we are able to save

c) It demonstrates that we have no moral requirements to save violinists

d) It demonstrates that no one is allowed to use someone else's body without their consent

d) It demonstrates that no one is allowed to use someone else's body without their consent

True or False: Thomson argues that the primary reason abortion is allowed is because the fetus does not have a right to life

a) True

b) False

b) False

Thomson points out that sometimes pregnancy will result in the mother or fetus not surviving. What does Thomson suggest we do?

a) Save the fetus - it has a right to life AND there is always more utility to be had in saving the baby

b) Save the mother - she has a right to life

c) Save the fetus - it has a right to life

d) Defer to the mother - she has a right to life AND she's a person with autonomy

d) Defer to the mother - she has a right to life AND she's a person with autonomy

Thomson: What is the point of the "people seed" argument?

a) It argues that pregnant mothers are responsible for their babies when they are (at least) partially responsible for their conception

b) It argues that people must be held accountable for the choices they make

c) It argues that all women have the ability to prevent pregnancy from occurring

d) It argues that abortion is sometimes permissible in cases where the mother engaged in consensual sex

d) It argues that abortion is sometimes permissible in cases where the mother engaged in consensual sex

Thomson makes a distinction between being a "Minimally Decent Samaritan" and a "Good Samaritan". What is the distinction?

a) We are sometimes required to be Good Samaritans and do things to help others at great cost to ourselves

b) It would be nice to be a Minimally Decent Samaritan or a Good Samaritan, but we're not morally required to be either

c) We are morally required to do all the thoughts we ought to do, so we are morally required to be Good Samaritans

d) We ought to be Good Samaritans - but we are only morally required to be Minimally Decent Samaritans

d) We ought to be Good Samaritans - but we are only morally required to be Minimally Decent Samaritans

Thomson: What does the distinction between the "Morally Decent Samaritan" and the "Good Samaritan" mean for abortion?

a) We ought to carry a baby to term - but we are not always morally required to do so

b) We ought to have an abortion, so we are morally required to do so

c) We ought to have an abortion - but we are not always morally required to do so

d) We ought to carry a baby to term, so we are always morally required to do so

a) We ought to carry a baby to term - but we are not always morally required to do so

The Stand-Off: Pro-Choicers sometimes claim that it is wrong to kill persons. Which of the following is NOT a counter-example that anti-abortionists give to this?

a) The "only persons matter" view would mean that it's morally acceptable to kill cows - and that's clearly wrong.

b) The "only persons matter" view would mean that it's morally acceptable to kill the severely mentally ill - and that's clearly wrong.

c) The "only persons matter" view would mean that it's morally acceptable to kill 1-year-olds - and that's clearly wrong.

d) The "only persons matter" view would mean that it's morally acceptable to kill Grandma (if she has severe Alzheimer's) - and that's clearly wrong.

a) The "only persons matter" view would mean that it's morally acceptable to kill cows - and that's clearly wrong.

The Stand-Off: Anti-Abortionists (Pro-Lifers) sometimes claim that it is wrong to kill anything that is ❶ alive and ❷ human in nature. Which of the following is a counter-example that pro-choicers give to this?

a) The "human" view would mean that it's morally acceptable to kill aliens - and that's clearly wrong.

b) The "human" view would mean that it's wrong to kill cancer cultures - but we don't think that's wrong.

c) The "human" view would mean that it's morally acceptable to kill weeds - and that's clearly wrong.

d) The "human" view would mean that it's morally acceptable to kill cows - and that's clearly wrong

b) The "human" view would mean that it's wrong to kill cancer cultures - but we don't think that's wrong.

Which of the following would Don Marquis DISAGREE with?

a) Abortion might be morally permissible in some cases.

b) Abortion is wrong because it deprives the fetus of a future like ours

c) Killing deprives the victim of a future like ours.

d) Only humans with personhood status have moral worth.

d) Only humans with personhood status have moral worth.

What is the Future Like Ours Account?

a) Killing is primarily bad because it ends the victim's experiences

b) Killing is primarily bad because it deprives the victim of a future of value

c) Killing is primarily bad because people want to live and killing frustrates that desire

d) Killing is primarily bad because of how it affects the victim's family and friends

b) Killing is primarily bad because it deprives the victim of a future of value

What is the Desire Account?

a) Killing is primarily bad because people want to live and killing frustrates that desire

b) Killing is primarily bad because it ends the victim's experiences

c) Killing is primarily bad because it deprives the victim of a future of value

d) Killing is primarily bad because of how it affects the victim's family and friends

a) Killing is primarily bad because people want to live and killing frustrates that desire

What is the Discontinuation Account?

a) Killing is primarily bad because of how it affects the victim's family and friends

b) Killing is primarily bad because people want to live and killing frustrates that desire

c) Killing is primarily bad because it ends the victim's experiences

d) Killing is primarily bad because it deprives the victim of a future of value

c) Killing is primarily bad because it ends the victim's experiences

How are the Future Like Ours Account, the Desire Account and the Discontinuation Account similar to one another?

a) All three believe that killing is primarily bad because of how it impacts the murderer

b) All three believe that abortion is wrong

c) All three believe that killing is primarily bad because of how it impacts the victim's family and friends

d) All three believe that killing is primarily bad because it harms the victim

d) All three believe that killing is primarily bad because it harms the victim

Which view maintains that abortion is morally wrong?

a) The Future Like Ours Account

b) The Desire Account

c) The Discontinuation Account

d) All of the Above

a) The Future Like Ours Account

According to Marquis, which account is correct?

a) The Future Like Ours Account

b) The Discontinuation Account

c) The Violinist Argument

d) The Desire Account

a) The Future Like Ours Account

According to Marquis, abortion is almost always (if not always) immoral.

a) True

b) False

a) True

"_________ occur(s) when an individual (or group of individuals) either ❶ skips required medical steps, which results in patient harm, or ❷ fails to perform expected duties, which results in patient harm"

a) Systemic Negligence

b) Complications

c) Medical Error

d) Malpractice

d) Malpractice

"_________ is/are often the result of ❶ a problem at the system level which makes the health professional more prone to cause or be involved in an adverse event, and then ❷ the health professional makes a mistake a result"

a) Medical Error

b) Malpractice

c) Systemic Negligence

d) Complications

a) Medical Error

"_________ is an atmosphere of negligence or a general lack of care that is pervasive throughout the medical system making adverse events and errors common"

a) Medical Error

b) Malpractice

c) Complications

d) Systemic Negligence

d) Systemic Negligence

" ______________ is/are adverse outcomes which occur due to the natural uncertainty of medicine; these adverse outcomes occur despite all appropriate measures being taken to prevent the adverse event and despite the procedure being performed correctly"

a) Systemic Negligence

b) Malpractice

c) Complications

d) Medical Error

c) Complications

Which of the following would be an example of medical error?

a) A patient is not given a medication because the staff members each assume that someone else is going to give the medication

b) A doctor gives a patient the wrong medication because the medication was on the wrong shelf

c) A patient suffers because their body rejects an organ transplant after a successful surgery

d) A busy nurse decides not to turn her change her patient's position in bed and the patient develops bedsores

b) A doctor gives a patient the wrong medication because the medication was on the wrong shelf

Which of the following would be an example of malpractice?

a) A patient is not given a medication because the staff members each assume that someone else is going to give the medication

b) A doctor gives a patient the wrong medication because the medication was on the wrong shelf

c) A patient suffers because their body rejects an organ transplant after a successful surgery

d) A busy nurse decides not to turn her change her patient's position in bed and the patient develops bedsores

d) A busy nurse decides not to turn her change her patient's position in bed and the patient develops bedsores

Which of the following would be an example of complications?

a) A patient is not given a medication because the staff members each assume that someone else is going to give the medication

b) A doctor gives a patient the wrong medication because the medication was on the wrong shelf

c) A patient suffers because their body rejects an organ transplant after a successful surgery

d) A busy nurse decides not to turn her change her patient's position in bed and the patient develops bedsores

c) A patient suffers because their body rejects an organ transplant after a successful surgery

Which of the following would be an example of systemic negligence?

a) A patient is not given a medication because the staff members each assume that someone else is going to give the medication

b) A doctor gives a patient the wrong medication because the medication was on the wrong shelf

c) A patient suffers because their body rejects an organ transplant after a successful surgery

d) A busy nurse decides not to turn her change her patient's position in bed and the patient develops bedsores

a) A patient is not given a medication because the staff members each assume that someone else is going to give the medication

Who is blameworthy in medical error?

a) No one

b) Just the individual(s) that caused the adverse event

c) The system and the individual(s) that caused the adverse event

d) The atmosphere/environment, everyone contributing to that environment, and the individual(s) that caused the adverse event

c) The system and the individual(s) that caused the adverse event

Who is blameworthy when complications occur?

a) The atmosphere/environment, everyone contributing to that environment, and the individual(s) that caused the adverse event

b) The system and the individual(s) that caused the adverse event

c) No one

d) Just the individual(s) that caused the adverse event

c) No one