Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principle

Chapter 1

Anatomy

It is the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the human body.

Physiology

It deals with the processes and functions of the body, or how the body parts work.

Chemical Level

The lowest level of organization

Atoms

All chemicals necessary for maintaining life are composed of _

Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of all living tissue.

Tissues

These are cohesive groups of similar cells that together with their intercellular material perform a specific function.

Epithelial tissues

Tissues that cover internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and organs, such as the stomach and the intestines.

Connective tissue

Supportive tissues that bind together and support various structures.

Muscular Tissue

Tissues that make up the substance of a muscle

Nervous tissues

Tissues that make up the substance of nerves and nerve center

Organs

The result when complex assemblies of tissues are joined to perform a specific function and it usually have a specific shape

Systems

This consists of a group or an association of organs that have a similar or common function

10

The total body comprises ____ individual body systems

Organisms

The 10 systems of the body when functioning together make up the total of ____ — one living being

Systems

The human body is a structural and functional unit made up of 10 lesser units called

Skeletal system

An important system for the technologist to study.

206

The skeletal system includes the ___ separate bones of the body and their associated cartilages and joints.

Osteology

The study of bones is termed

Arthrology

The study of joints is called

Cardiovascular Organs

Lymphatic System

The circulatory system is composed of two following

Respiratory System

It is composed of two lungs and a series of passages that connect the lungs to the outside atmosphere.

Urinary System

This system includes the organs that produce, collect, and eliminate urine.

Reproductive System

It is made up of organs that produce, transport, and store the germ cells.

Reproductive System

The function of this system is to reproduce the organisms.

Nervous System

This system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and special sense organs such as the eyes and ears.

Nervous System

The function of this system is to regulate body activities with electrical impulses that travel along various nerves.

Muscular System

A body system which includes all muscle tissues of the body, is subdivided into three types of muscles.

Skeletal Muscle

Most of the muscle mass of the body is ____ which is striated and under voluntary control.

Smooth muscle

This kind of muscle which is involuntary and is located in the walls of hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the stomach, and intestines.

Endocrine System

This system includes all the ductless glands of the body.

Hormones

The secretions of the endocrine glands that are released directly into the bloodstream.

Integumentary System

The tenth and final body system which is composed of the skin and all structures derived from the skin.

Skin

An organ that is essential to life

Skin

The largest organ of the body, covering a surface area of approximately 7620 cm2 and constituting 8% of total body mass in the average adult.

Skeletal System

To support and protect many soft tissues of the body

Skeletal System

To allow movement through interaction with the muscles to form a system of levers

Skeletal System

To produce blood cells

Skeletal System

To store calcium

Circulatory system

To distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body

Circulatory system

To carry cell waste and carbon dioxide from the cells

Circulatory system

To transport water, electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes

Circulatory system

To protect against disease

Circulatory system

To prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots

Circulatory system

To help regulate body temperature

Digestive System

This system includes the alimentary canal and certain accessory organs.

Digestive System

To prepare food for absorption by the cells through numerous physical and chemical breakdown processes

Digestive System

To eliminate solid wastes from the body

Alimentary Canal

It is made up of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

Accessory organs of digestion

These include the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Respiratory System

This system is composed of two lungs and a series of passages that connect the lungs to the outside atmosphere. The structures that make up the passageway from the exterior to the alveoli of the lung interior include the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree.

Respiratory System

To supply oxygen to the blood and eventually to the cells

Respiratory System

To eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood

Respiratory System

To assist in regulating the acid-base balance of the blood

Urinary System

This system includes the organs that produce, collect, and eliminate urine.

Urinary System

The organs of this system consist of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Urinary System

To regulate the chemical composition of the blood

Urinary System

To eliminate many waste products

Urinary System

To regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume

Urinary System

To maintain the acid-base balance of the body