A & P 1st EX

Define anatomy

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and its organs, including their relationships.

Define physiology

Physiology is the study of the function and processes of living organisms.

Distinguish between anatomical and physiological descriptions

Anatomical descriptions deal with the what, physiologist determines the how

The types of microscopic and macroscopic anatomy are listed in Microscopic anatomy

Cytology, Histology. Macroscopic Anatomy: Systemic, regional , surface, comparative

Define metabolism

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body.

Distinguish between anabolism and catabolism

Anabolism is when small molecules get together to form larger molecules. Catabolism is when large molecules are broken down to form smaller molecules

Define responsiveness

 The ability to detect and react to stimuli. This occurs at all levels of organization.

Define regulation

 The ability to adjust bodily functions in response to environmental changes

List and define the body’s levels of organization from simplest to most complex

Chemical/cellular/tissue/organ/ organ system/ Organismal

Define integumentary system

Provides protection, prevents water loss & gain, synthesizes vitamin D, releases secretions, regulates body temperature, & houses sensory receptor

Define skeletal muscular

system provides support and protection, site of blood cell production stores calcium and phosphorus also it provides sites for ligament and muscle attachment

Define muscular

system

Define nervous system

system is the regulatory system and it responds to sensory stimuli, it controls muscles and some glands, it is also responsible for consciousness, intelligence and memory

Distinguish between midsagittal and parasagittal planes

Midsagittal planes divide the body into left and right EQUALLY, sagittal planes divide the body into left and right portion

Define the oblique plane

Be able to distinguish anterior and posterior

Superior is Higher ( towards the head) Inferior is lower ( towards the feet )

Be able to distinguish medial and lateral

Medial is towards the body’s midline, lateral is away from the body’s midline

Distinguish proximal and distal. (remember: proximal and distal are used solely for limbs and tubes)

Proximal is closer to the trunk , distal is farther from the trunk.

Define cavity

Internal organs and organ systems that are located within closed spaces

Body cavity groups.

Posterior- Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Ventral - Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavities AKA thoracic diaphragm

Describe the cranial cavity (formed by _____, contains the _____)

Formed by cranial bones, it contains the brain.

Describe the vertebral canal (formed by _____ _____, houses the _____ _____)

Formed by the vertebral bones, and houses the spinal cord

the body structure that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

Know the two layers formed by serous membranes

Parietal layer and visceral layer

Know the fluid secreted by serous membranes

Serous fluid

Describe the function of serous fluid

Allows organs to move more smoothly against other organs

Pericardial cavity

Serous cavity between the parietal and visceral layers (THE HEART)

Pleural cavity

Serous cavity between the parietal and visceral layers (lungs,bronchi,Blood vessels, nerves, diaphragm,mediastinum)

Define homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment

List and define the 3 components of homeostatic systems

Receptor, Control center, Effector

Negative feedback EX. Temperature regulation

Variable that fluctuates within a normal range around set point

Positive feedback EX. Labor