Lab 2 - Microscopic Analysis of Blood

Plasma and formed elements

Blood is divided into...

Water

What is the plasma primarily composed of?

Connective

Blood is ____________ tissue

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

What are formed elements?

Nutrients, waste, gases, enzymes, protein, hormones, and electrolytes

What is dissolved within plasma?

true cells

Not all formed elements are ______ _______

red bone marrow

Erythrocytes (RBCs) are produced in the ____ _______ ________

The cell has a pinch in the middle

What does biconcave mean?

Rouleau

A cylinder of flowing RBCs

blood vessels

Biconcavity aids in allowing RBCs to travel single file through narrow ________ _________

more flexible

Does biconcavity make RBC more or less flexible

anucleate

Erythrocytes have no nuclei, aka

Hemoglobin

Because RBCs are anucleate they can contain a large amount of the protein __________

Bind and release oxygen

Function of hemoglobin?

Oxygen transport within the body

Function of erythrocyte?

They are biconcave in shape, have no nucleus, and contain large hemoglobin

3 factors help RBCs carry out their function

Platelet

The second most abundant formed element

Small

What is the size of a platelet?

Platelets

Membrane-bound sacks of chemicals that are vital to the blood clotting process

red bone marrow

Platelets are formed in the _____ ________ __________

Purple

Color of platelet?

platelet plug

When the wall of a blood vessle is damaged, platelets respond by sticking to the wall and forming a _____________ _______

temporary

The platelet plug is a ___________ clot

Erthrocytes

Almost half of our blood is _____________

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

What are the red circles?

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

What are the purple dots?

Leukocytes

least abundant formed element

Bone marrow

WBCs are produced in the...

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

WBCs are divided into 2 classes called:

Granulocytes

Leukocytes with stained cytoplasmic granules are known as

Agranulocytes

Leukocytes without stained cytoplasmic granules are known as

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

Monocytes and lymphocytes

What are the 2 types of agranulocytes?

Neutrophil

What is the center cell?

They look like they have 4 lobed nuclei

Why are neutrophils sometimes said to be polymorphonuclear leukocytes?

Neutrophil

The most abundant WBC

lilac (light purple)

What is the color of neutrophil granules?

Acute bacteria slayer (bacteria destroyer)

Function of neutrophil?

60%

Neutrophils form about ____ of circulating leukocytes

First

Neutrophils are the _______ to arrive at an injury site

Eosinophil

What is the center cell?

Red

What is the color of eosinophils' granules

U-shaped/bent

What is the shape of eosinophils' nucleus

3%

Eosinophils form about ____ of circulating leukocytes

Kill parasitic worms and release granules during an allergic response

Function of eosinophil?

Basophil

What is the center cell?

Lobed

What is the shape of a basophil's nucleus?

Dark purple/black

What is the color of basophils' granules

1%

Basophils form less than ____ of circulating leukocytes

Releases its granules (histamine and heparin) at the injury site, which enhances inflammation

Function of basophils

Histamine and heparin

What are the 2 chemicals in the granules of a basophil?

A vasodilator

Function of histamine?

A anticoagulant

Function of heparin?

Lymphocyte

What is the center cell?

Round

What is the shape of a lymphocyte's nucleus?

Only a little

How much cytoplasm is visible in a lymphocyte?

None

How many stained granules does the lymphocyte contain?

30%

Lymphocyte form about ____ of circulating leukocytes

T cells and B cells

What are the 2 main types of lymphocytes

Secrecion of antibodies

Function of B cells

Controls the immune system and kills cancerous cells

Function of T cells

Monocyte

What is the center cell?

C-shaped/bent

What is the shape of a monocyte's nucleus?

Very little

How many stained granules does this monocyte contain?

Bigger

Is a monocyte bigger or smaller than an RBC?

6%

Monocytes form about ____ of circulating leukocytes

Macrophages

Monocytes turn into ____________ when they exit the blood and enter peripheral tissue

Chronic bacteria slayer

Function of monocyte?

Rid the body of foreign invaders and cellular debris

Function of macrophage?

Float

Monocytes ______ through tissue constantly

Lymphoid organs; loose connective tissue

The majority of WBCs are not found in the blood. Most reside in the _________ ____________ (eg., spleen/lymph nodes) or in the bodies __________ _____________ ________

travel

The blood is mainly used by leukocytes as a means of...

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Phrase to remember the abundance of circulating WBCs

Differential white cell count

When you calculate the percentage of WBCs that are each type.

(# of specific WBC/total # WBCs) x 100

What is the differential white cell count formula

pathological conditions

Abnormality in the differential count indicates a

Pregnacy

High count of neutrophils could indicate

Hepatitis

High count of lymphocytes could indicate

leukemia

High count of monocytes could indicate

allergic reaction

High count of eosinophils could indicate

cancers

High count of basophils could indicate

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Low count of neutrophils could indicate

HIV infection

Low count of lymphocytes could indicate

Bone marrow suppression

Low count of monocytes could indicate

Stress

Low count of eosinophils could indicate

ovulations

Low count of basophils could indicate

Decreased clotting ability

What would be the most important consequence of platelet deficiency?

Leukocytes, because they are nucleated and have organelles

Which formed elements are the only "true cells"? Why?

Parasitic worm infections

Rachel's differential white cell count showed that 19% of her circulating leukocytes were eosinophils. What is the reason why?

Platelet

Formed element associated with blood clotting?

Monocyte

Formed element associated with chronic bacterial infection?

Eosinophil

Formed element associated with cestode infection (intestinal worm)?

Erythrocyte

Formed element associated with gas transport?

Basophil

Formed element associated with a normal inflammatory response?

Lymphocyte

Formed element associated with the destruction of cancerous cells?

Erythrocytes

Formed element associated with anucleate?

Monocyte

Formed element associated with macrophage?

Neutrophil

Formed element associated with weakly staining granules?

Neutrophil

Formed element associated with a multi-lobed nucleus?

Neutrophil

Formed element associated with acute bacterial infections?