spine muscles

iliocostalis origin

broad common tendon at posterior sacrum, posterior iliac crest, SI ligaments, sacral and lower lumbar spinous processes

iliocostalis insertion

angles of lower ribs

iliocostalis action

extends and laterally bends vertebral column

longissimus origin

more intermediate part of common tendon

longissimus insertion

between tubercles and angles of rib, transverse processes of thoracic

longissimus action

extends and laterally bends vertebral column

spinalis origin

more intermediate part of common tendon

spinalis insertion

spinous processes of upper thoracic

spinalis action

extends and laterally bends vertebral column

multifidi origin

sacrum, PSIS, very medial dorsal transverse process

multifidi insertion

spinous process of vertebra above, spanning 2-4 segments

multifidi action

stabilizes spine

rotatores origin

transverse processes of lumbar region

rotatores insertion

lamina and spinous process of spine above, spanning 1-2 segments

rotatores action

stabilizes, extends, and rotates spine

quadratus lumborum origin

medial half of inferior border of 12th rib, tips of lumbar transverse processes

quadratus lumborum insertion

iliolumbar ligament, internal lip of iliac crest

quadratus lumborum action

extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, fixes 12th rib during inspiration

internal oblique origin

thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament

internal oblique insertion

inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis via conjoint tendon

internal oblique action

supports and compresses abdominal viscera, flexes and rotates trunk

external oblique origin

external surfaces of ribs 5-12

external oblique insertion

linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest

external oblique action

supports and compresses abdominal viscera, flexes and rotates trunk

rectus abdominis origin

pubic symphysis and crest

rectus abdominis insertion

xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

rectus abdominis action

flexes trunk, compresses abdominal viscera

psoas major origin

body and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

psoas major insertion

lesser trochanter

psoas major action

flexes hip

psoas minor origin

vertebral margins of T12-L1 vertebra, corresponding intervertebral disc

psoas minor insertion

pectineal line of pelvis

psoas minor action

flexes pelvis on vertebral column

transverse abdominis origin

thoracolumbar fascia, lateral part of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, tips of lower 6 ribs

transverse abdominis insertion

aponeurosis into linea alba

transverse abdominis action

compression of abdominal cavity

levator ani origin

pubis, ischial spine, fascia between the two

levator ani insertion

coccyx, midline around pelvic organs

levator ani action

supports the viscera, pulls anal canal upward

ischiococcygeus origin

ischial spine

ischiococcygeus insertion

upper coccyx, lower sacrum

ischiococcygeus action

supports the pelvic viscera, pulls coccyx anterior

diaphragm origin

xiphoid process, lower 6 costal cartilages, L1-L3 vertebra

diaphragm insertion

converges into central tendon

diaphragm action

draws central tendon down and forward during inspiration

internal intercostals origin

lower border of rib (11 pairs)

internal intercostals insertion

upper border of rib below origin

internal intercostals action

forced expiration with exertion

external intercostals origin

lower border of rib (11 pairs)

external intercostals insertion

upper border of rib below origin

external intercostals action

inspiration with exertion and quiet breathing

levatores costarum origin

transverse process of C7-T11

levatores costarum insertion

corresponding rib at superior border, between costal angle and tubercle

levatores costarum action

assists with deep inspiration

serratus posterior superior origin

ligamentum nuchae; spinous process of C7-T3

serratus posterior superior insertion

superior aspect of ribs 2-4

serratus posterior superior action

elevates ribs

serratus posterior inferior origin

spinous process of T11-L2

serratus posterior inferior insertion

inferior aspect of ribs 9-12

serratus posterior inferior action

depression of ribs

pectoralis minor origin

ribs 3-5

pectoralis minor insertion

coracoid process of scapula

pectoralis minor action

depression of shoulder, downward rotation of scapula

iliocostalis cervicis origin

angle of upper 6 ribs

iliocostalis cervicis insertion

transverse processes of C4-C6

iliocostalis cervicis action

bilateral: extension of vertebral column, unilateral: lateral flexion of VC to same side

longissimus cervicis origin

transverse processes of upper 4-6 thoracic vertebra

longissimus cervicis insertion

transverse processes of C2-C6

longissimus cervicis action

bilateral: extension of vertebral column, unilateral: lateral flexion of VC to same side

splenius capitis origin

ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of C7-T3/4

splenius capitis insertion

mastoid process and parts of occipital bone

splenius capitis action

rotation of head and cervical VC to same side

splenius cervicis origin

spinous process of T3-T6

splenius cervicis insertion

transverse process of upper 2-4 cervical vertebrae

splenius cervicis action

rotation of head and cervical VC to same side

semispinalis origin

transverse processes of upper 5-6 thoracic

semispinalis insertion

spinous processes of C2-C5

semispinalis action

extension of VC

obliquus capitis inferior origin

spinous process of C2

Obliquus capitis inferior insertion

Transverse process of C1

obliquus capitis inferior action

rotation of atlas

obliquus capitis superior origin

transverse process of C1

obliquus capitis superior insertion

occipital bone

obliquus capitis superior action

extension and lateral bend of head

rectus capitis posterior major origin

spinous process of C2

rectus capitis posterior major insertion

occipital bone

rectus capitis posterior major action

rotation and extension of head

rectus capitis posterior minor origin

posterior tubercle of atlas

rectus capitis posterior minor insertion

occipital bone

rectus capitis posterior minor action

extends head

sternocleidomastoid origin

sternum, medial 1/3 of clavicle

sternocleidomastoid insertion

mastoid process of temporal bone

sternocleidomastoid action

flexion of head and neck, lateral flexion

anterior scalene origin

transverse processes of C3-C6

anterior scalene insertion

first rib

anterior scalene action

fixation/elevation of first rib during inhalation. when rib fixed: lateral flexion

middle scalene origin

transverse processes of lower 5-6 cervical vertebra

middle scalene insertion

first rib

middle scalene action

fixation/elevation of first rib during inhalation. when rib fixed: lateral flexion

posterior scalene origin

transverse processes of C4-C6