British Colonization and Religious Motivations

Flashcards about British Colonization and the motivations behind the colonization.

Why was Britain initially behind Spain in colonizing the New World?

Britain was dealing with internal problems and couldn't focus resources on settlement.

What economic system drove European nations to establish colonies?

Mercantilism, where colonies provided raw materials and served as markets for finished goods.

What obstacle to British colonization was removed by defeating the Spanish Armada?

The threat of the Spanish navy controlled by Spain.

What company sponsored the expedition to Jamestown?

The Virginia Company.

What problems did the Jamestown settlers face?

Powerful Native American tribes, malaria, heavily wooded area, and settlers unfamiliar with manual labor.

Who held the Jamestown colony together in its early days?

John Smith held the early Jamestown colony together.

What was the 'starving time'?

The winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown, where settlers faced starvation and cannibalism.

What crop saved Jamestown's economy?

Tobacco saved the Jamestown economy.

What was the headright system?

A system granting 50 acres of land per head to encourage settlement in Jamestown by the Virginia Company.

What is indentured servitude?

A labor system where poor individuals agreed to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to Jamestown.

How did the Virginia colony become a royal colony?

King James canceled the Virginia Company's charter due to attacks from Native Americans and other reasons.

What was family and society like in early Virginia?

Mostly single men seeking wealth, high death rate, low life expectancy, and a shortage of women.

What impact did Bacon's Rebellion have on indentured servitude?

Resulted in the shift from indentured servitude to slavery, due to the issues caused by indentured servants on the frontier.

What was Maryland established as?

A haven for Catholics in Great Britain.

What was the significance of King Henry VIII's actions regarding the Catholic Church?

He broke ties with the Pope and started the Church of England to gain a divorce.

What did Martin Luther believe?

Salvation comes by faith, not by works, challenging the Catholic Church's practices.

Who were the Puritans?

British reformers who sought to purify the Church of England.

Which colony was established by Puritan separatists?

The colony of Plymouth.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement signed by the men on the Mayflower to abide by laws made by leaders of their own choosing.

What was the Massachusetts Bay Colony known for?

Being the bulk of Puritan settlement.

How did the religious and family-oriented motivations of the Massachusetts Bay Colony differ from those of Virginia?

Settled as families for religious reasons, leading to low death rates and high life expectancy, unlike Virginia's wealth-seeking single men.

What were the requirements to vote in colony-wide elections in Massachusetts Bay?

Male property owner and Church member.

Who was Roger Williams?

He advocated for religious freedom. He was banished from Massachusetts Bay for speaking out against Puritan beliefs. He established Rhode Island.

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

Another dissident in Massachusetts Bay that challenged Puritan ministers' teachings. She was banished and settled in Rhode Island.

What was King Philip's War?

A conflict between colonists and Native American tribes that solidified the colonists' view of Native Americans as bloodthirsty savages.

What was New York previously known as?

New Netherland controlled by the Dutch

Where was Pennsylvania intended to serve as a haven for?

Quakers who were being persecuted against in Great Britain

Why was Georgia established?

As a haven for those in British prisons for debt.