Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chap 7

Fermentation

a catabolic process that is the partial degradation of sugars/organic fuel without the use of oxygen

Aerobic respiration

catabolic pathway that’s most efficient, consumption of organic fuel and oxygen

Anaerobic respiration

prokaryotes use not oxygen to harvest chemical energy

Organ compounds + Oxygen → Co2 + H2O + energy

aerobic respiration

Redox Reactions

electron transfers from one reactant to another (oxidation reduction reactions)

Loss of electrons from one substance to another

oxidation

Addition of electrons to another substance 

reduction

From the formula Na + Cl to Na+ + Cl- what becomes oxidized

the Na to Na+

From the formula Na + Cl to Na+ + Cl- what becomes reduced

the Cl to Cl-

Reducing donor

the electron donor

Oxidizing agent

the acceptor

Electron shifts from less electronegative atom to more electronegative which makes the electon

makes the electron lose potential energy

What in the equation becomes oxidized C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

C6H12O6 to 6CO2

What in the equation becomes reduced C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

6O2 to 6H2O

Oxidation of glucose transfers electrons to a

lower energy state which then liberates energy to become available for ATP synthesis

Fuels w/ multiple C-H bonds oxidize into 

C-O bonds

Glucose is broken into key steps, electrons are stripped from the glucose and travel with a hydrogen atom, which is first passed to an electron carrier

electron carrier, the coenzyme NAD+

Oxidized and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Oxidized = NAD+

Reduced = NADH

Removes hydrogen atoms from substrate to oxidize it, delivering the 2 electrons and 1 proton to NAD+ to form NADH

The role of dehydrogenase

What happens to the other proton during the formation of NADH

it is released into the surrounding solution

Electron Transport Chain

molecules (mostly proteins) that transport electrons from donors to acceptors via redox reactions