CCAS 10 Quiz Study Guide

Self identity

Composed of psychological traits and dispositions that give us uniqueness; more stable and coherent over time than social identity. Ex. I am a musician, singer, artist, etc

Social identity

Derived from the knowledge of being part of a specific category or group and the emotional significance attached to those groups

What 3 processes result in social identity formation?

Social categorization, social comparison, and psychological work

Social categorization

the process of putting people into categories based on characteristics that are meaningful in any particular life space

Impacts of social categorization

Not inherently bad but can lead to stereotypes; these identities develop early in life and although socially constructed, may seem inherent

Social comparison

Following social categorization; comparing of the relative status in society from your own social category to other social categories

Problematic vs unproblematic identities

Social identities have relative worth; identities that are discriminated against may develop into more of an identity than those that are not historically marginalized

Psychological work

Achieving a positive sense of distinction, particularly in light of a problematic socia identity; allows identities to be politicized by social movements

Consciousness

Refers to whether individuals are aware that the groups they belong to hold a certain (powerful or not powerful) status and if they decide to take action on behalf of the entire group

I am Joaquin (general summary)

Tells the story of internal conflict during colonialization; the struggle between cultural pride and a desire to assimilate. Also explores how identities were "lesser" following Anglo oppression than they were in indigenous culture. Wanting economic survival, but feeling the need to assimilate in order to get that

Overarching goal of I am Joaquin

Communicate cultural pride in light of the Chicano movement

Spanish vs Mexican

The end goal in society was to be able to identify as Spanish (during the Spanish conquest). Many Mexicans would call themselves Spanish instead of Mexican due to the higher social status associated

Encomienda system

King would entrust a group of indigenous people to a landowner to become their slave; The landowner teaches the indigenous peoples about Christianity. In exchange, he gets their slave labor

Montecino

Challenged the encomienda system, argued that it wasn't Christian (and faced backlash as a result)

El requiremiento

Reading of the law, "if you don't become Christian right now we're going to go in and kill you and your family"

Spanish Caste System

1. Spaniards

2. Mestizos- mix of spanish and native American

3. Indians

System was fluid; you could get rich enough and "become" a Mestizo, or marry the right person and move up a class. There were also "in between" groups of mixed races. For example, a castizo was roughly 3/4 Spanish and was thus considered more "Spanish" than a Mestizo.

Argument of Sepulveda

Some people are "natural slaves," good with their hands, etc.

Sepulveda vs Las Casas

Sepulveda argued that some people were "natural slaves," las casas argued that everyone was created equal in the image of God

Aztlan

the legendary ancestral home of the Aztec peoples; represents a Chicano homeland, encompassing the struggles they have faced and promoting indigenous roots

(Perez Torres) central Aztlan argument

Aztlan functions as a Chicano homeland embracing consciousness and identity. Also argues that the concept is over-simplified: It affirms indigenous ancestry but oversimplifies the cultural and historical aspects

The other white legal strategy

Mexicans argued they were white in order to avoid discrimination; this meant they were not eligible for protections under the civil rights act. As a result, they argued that yes, they were white, but an "other white" that did face discrimination and warrant protection

Manifest destiny

The idea that God had given the US a destiny to conquer from "sea to shining sea," at the cost of conquering other indigenous communities

The start of the Mexican American war

Dispute over borders; President Polk sent troops to the Rio Grade. Mexican soldiers fired at them and Polk claimed it was unprovoked and declared war (in reality the US military provoked them)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo

Official end to the Mexican American War

Article 9, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexicans could become American citizens "at the proper time." Caused lots of ambiguity and many never actually got their citizenship

Whiteness as defined by Guadalupe Hidalgo

Only whites could be naturalized citizens; thus, this made Mexicans legally white (which they used to their advantage)

Article 8, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

property rights should be respected and guarantees "equally ample as if the same belonged to citizens of the United States"

BUT there was a previous article (10) that got cut out of the final draft which gave even stronger property rights (would be respected as if the same land was still in Mexico)

Stipulation for Guadalupe Hidalgo, Article 8

Mexicans had 2 years to come to court and prove their property was valid under US law (many Mexicans lost their property, did not speak English, etc)

Pablo de la Guerra

Came from an elite Mexican family, big landowners, signed the California constitution; Ran for governor in 1870, but his opponent said he couldn't run because he had never been officially made a citizen; Case went to the California Supreme Court, they sided with him (he was a citizen)

HOLC

Redlining of American cities, prevented access to home loans in historically underserved and Hispanic communities

The "Mexican Scale"

Able to pay Mexican workers less; Leads to the history of Latino segregation

Campos

Segregated communities of Mexican immigrants; intensified by freeway development and the HOLC

Mexican Revolution

armed rebellion in which the Mexican people fought for political and social reform; Mexican economy was controlled by European and American businesspeople who were invited in by a dictator, Mexicans did not like that

Lemon Grove Incident

White neighbors of Lemon Grove tried to create a new school for Mexican children, made up arguments to make them sound well-meaning but they were just racist

Doss vs Bernal

Alex Bernal put a down payment on a house, was then told that he couldn't actually move in because of a deed on the house that said it could not be sold to people of Mexican descent; argued that he was white and used the good neighbor policy to be able to buy the house; won the case

Manifest Destiny takeaways

the concept of manifest destiny led to the unjust starting of the Mexican-American war. The treaties and policies that followed legalized (or at least made vague) the discrimination of Mexicans. These policies have carried forward into attitudes today.

Cesar Chavez

Well-known figure that organized farm workers to fight for better living conditions and wages

Dolores Huerta

Chicana feminist and farmworkers rights activist; worked closely with Chavez

Grape Boycott

To push for better wages, benefits, & working conditions for farm workers, Huerta and Chávez organized a boycott of grapes starting in 1965

Non-violent social movements

Are actually more productive than violent ones; both Chavez and Huerta used these tactics

Dolores Huerta and feminism

Chicana feminist, grew up in a middle-class matriarchal family. Was often ignored in activist spaces by other men as a result. Defied traditional patriarchal Mexican family norms

Community Service Organization (CSO)

Started to organize the farm workers of Boyle Heights by Chavez, goal was to expand it nationwide

Abuelita Theology

The idea that in Mexican families, the women often passed down religious teachings and doctrine

Urban Chicano movement

Organizing of non-rural Chicanos; ex. the Denver convention and the first reading of "I am Joaquin"

Folklore of the Freeway Summary

The overall American attitude towards freeways was (at least, publicly) very positive and one of forward progress; Mexican communities were more negative as they impacted their communities (but not everyone was negative; some people still saw freeways as an escape from their life)

The Mission (film summary)

Catholic priests were sent to teach Christianity, ended up befriending and protecting the natives after Portugal captured the land from Spain and tried to enslave the natives; Example of how religion can be taught through peace and community, contradicted the Christian nationalist movement

Romero (film summary)

Priest who started out as passive towards the government; heard about a fellow priest getting killed and began to speak up, costing him his life. Takes place during the rise of a military regime in El Salvador

Mi familia film

Depicts the social work different family members went through. Ex. one sister became an nun and then turned into an activist; Chucho resorted to gang violence; another brother became a UCLA lawyer

United Farm Workers (UFW)

Is a union for agricultural laborers, primarily in California. Founded by Cesar Chavez, advocated for work condition and pay reforms for Mexican agriculture laborers

The East LA Blowouts

Also known as the East L.A. Walkouts, are widely regarded as catapulting the Chicano Movement forward in the late 60's and through the 70's. The Blowouts were a series of walkouts carried out in 1968 by Mexican American students in protest against the educational inequality they faced in their schools and classrooms.

Community Cultural Wealth

Argues that Chicanos have a rich culture and community that supports each other; they don't need to become "little white people" to succeed. And that those successes are supported and embraced by their entire community

Religious Capital

Strong attachment to faith; many Chicano students interviewed credited God and their faith to success

The Brown Church

Integrated theology, justice, community, and serving the underserved. Spans ethnic, social, political, and theological dimensions

Hostile Campus Culture and Chicano Faith

Christianity is often described as the "colonizers religion;" academic spaces often require students to choose between their family/faith values and their academic pursuits

Galilee

Commonly referenced in the Bible; the equivalent of "the hood" in modern terms. People there were often marginalized but were made "God's very own." This concept is embraced in the Brown Church doctrine

Mujerista Theology

A Chicana feminist and theological concept that argues God takes the side of women and views them as equal to men

El Plan Espiritual de Galilee (reading)

Galilee was a historically marginalized geographic area during biblical time periods. The article emphasizes that Jesus first brought his messages to the underserved, that he saw them as God's "very own." Embraced in Brown Church theology as it emphasizes Christianity as a religion of service towards others. Seeks to contradict Anglo Christian nationalist doctrine from the 21st century

Social Race (Patricia Seed Article)

Emphasizes the ambiguity in racial categorizations, particularly for hose of mixed race in Mexico. Despite attempts to rank the value of different "mixes," there was still fluidity. Specifically, Mestizos and Castizos had more fluidity due to their mixed appearance. Both gender and caste determined the types of jobs one could get

Filipino farmworkers and the UFW

Two organizations, one organizing filipino farmworkers and another organizing Mexican farmworkers, came together for the grape boycott to fight for livable wages and better working conditions. Together, they formed the United Farm Workers (UFW)

Catholic Social Teachings

Formal body of doctrine in Catholicism addressing social, economic, and political issues. Chavez utilized CST to validate and rationalize the justification behind his activism.