Western Civ Test 2

Lets get it!

1. What was the Estates-General and why was it called to meet?  How many to represent each estate? 

The Estates-General was a legislative assembly in France representing the three estates: the clergy, nobility, and common people. It was called to meet in May 1789 to address the financial crisis facing the government and discuss reforms. Each estate had a different number of representatives: the First Estate (clergy) and Second Estate (nobility) each had about 300 representatives, while the Third Estate (common people) had significantly more, reflecting its larger population.

2. What was the Bastille? 

The Bastille was a fortress in Paris used as a state prison. It became a symbol of the tyranny of the Bourbon monarchy and was stormed on July 14, 1789, marking the start of the French Revolution.

3. Voting rights in the new French Constitution.

The voting rights in the new French Constitution allowed active citizens, defined by property ownership and tax contributions, to vote in elections, while passive citizens were excluded from voting.

4. In the fifty years before the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, what helped the French economy to grow? 

The French economy benefited from agricultural improvements, a growing population, and increased trade and manufacturing, as well as a development of infrastructure such as roads and canals that facilitated commerce.

5. What was Napoleon's Continental System? 

Napoleon's Continental System was an economic blockade aimed at weakening Britain by prohibiting European nations from trading with the British. Established in 1806, it sought to destroy Britain's economy and assert French dominance in Europe.

6. Who was Robespierre? 

Maximilien Robespierre was a prominent figure during the French Revolution, known for his role as a leading member of the Committee of Public Safety. He was a key architect of the Reign of Terror, advocating for revolutionary ideals and the use of violence to defend the revolution. Robespierre was eventually overthrown and executed in 1794.

7. What is nationalism?  How did Franch spread nationalism? 

Nationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often in opposition to foreign influence or control. France spread nationalism through the promotion of revolutionary ideals, emphasizing liberty, equality, and fraternity. The Revolution cultivated a sense of shared identity among French citizens, and military conquests under Napoleon also spread nationalist sentiments across Europe.

8. De-Christianization of France?  What was done? 

The De-Christianization of France was a campaign during the French Revolution aimed at reducing the influence of the Catholic Church in society. This involved the closure of churches, the removal of religious symbols, and the establishment of a secular calendar.

9. Who were the French bourgeoisie? 

The French bourgeoisie were the middle class in France, comprising merchants, industrialists, and professional people. They played a significant role in the French Revolution by advocating for social and political reforms, seeking greater representation and rights.

10. What did the new French Declaration of the Rights of …. Guarantee? 

The Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed individual freedoms, equality before the law, and the right to participate in government. It established the principles of liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.

11. Where was Napoleon born? 

He was born on the island of Corsica.

12. In 1792 the Legislative Assembly declared war on whom? 

Austria and Prussia

13. What was the chief reason for Napoleon's fast rise to power? 

His military successes and political maneuvering.

14. Who was Sieyès? 

A French cleric and political theorist who played a significant role in the French Revolution, advocating for the Third Estate.

15. Who was Olympe de Gouges? 

A French playwright and political activist known for her writings on women's rights and her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.

16. What was the Battle of Waterloo? 

The final battle of the Napoleonic Wars, fought in 1815, where Napoleon was defeated by the Seventh Coalition led by the Duke of Wellington.

17. What was the Concordat of 1801? 

An agreement between Napoleon and the Pope that reestablished the Catholic Church in France, aiming to reconcile with the church after the Revolution.

18. Bill of Rights in America 

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, outlining fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to American citizens.

19. The National Convention of 1792 passed what? 

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, guaranteeing individual liberties.

20. Sixty percent of the victims of the Reign of Terror were from which societal group? 

The Third Estate, including peasants and urban workers.