Human Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Flashcards for Human Anatomy and Physiology

What is human anatomy?

Study of the structure of the human body.

What is a critical component of the human body's functional organization?

The extracellular fluid, representing the internal environment of the body.

What are homeostatic mechanisms?

Mechanisms that maintain a stable internal environment.

What is basic chemistry?

Deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes.

What are elements?

Substances composed of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

What are chemical bonds?

Involve the sharing or transfer of electrons to achieve stability.

What are chemical reactions?

Processes that involve rearrangement of atoms and molecules.

What are inorganic compounds?

Compounds that do not contain carbon or in which carbon is not the principal element.

What are organic compounds?

Carbon-containing compounds that are typically large, complex molecules.

What are enzymes?

Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

What is cell structure and function?

The cells of the human body, including their structure and function.

What are cell types?

Different types of cells in the human body.

What is cell anatomy?

The study of the parts of a cell

What is cell function?

The activities that cells perform to maintain life.

What are the functions of membranes?

Functions include physical isolation, regulation of exchange, communication, and attachment.

What is membrane structure?

Composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded within it.

What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?

A model describing the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane.

What is membrane transport?

Processes that transport substances across the cell membrane, such as diffusion and active transport.

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

What is the Golgi complex?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

What are lysosomes and peroxisomes?

Organelles responsible for degrading cellular waste and toxins.

What are adhesive junctions?

Structures that mediate cell-to-cell attachment.

What are tight junctions?

Create impermeable barriers between cells.

What are gap junctions?

Allow direct communication between adjacent cells.

What is gene translation?

The process of synthesizing proteins based on the genetic code.