Unit 5 - Everything Else Additional Review Questions Key

Negative human health effect of urbanization

Urbanization can lead to increased air pollution, which can cause respiratory diseases and other health issues.

Environmental benefit of urbanization

Urbanization can promote more efficient public transportation systems, reducing reliance on personal vehicles and lowering greenhouse gas emissions.

Urban runoff

Urban runoff refers to water that flows over impervious surfaces, carrying pollutants into waterways.

Solution to reduce urban runoff

Implementing green roofs and permeable pavement to allow rainwater to infiltrate the ground and reduce runoff.

Additional benefit of reducing urban runoff

Green infrastructure can enhance urban biodiversity by providing habitats for wildlife.

Negative environmental impacts of urban sprawl

Urban sprawl can lead to habitat destruction and increased reliance on cars, resulting in higher carbon emissions.

Solution to urban sprawl

Developing mixed-use neighborhoods to reduce transportation needs and promote walkability.

Actions to reduce ecological footprint

Using public transport, reducing plastic use, and conserving water.

Sediment effect on waterways

Sediments can clog waterways and harm aquatic life by reducing light penetration and oxygen levels.

Coal mining and tailings management

Spreading lime over tailings neutralizes acidity, while clay minimizes water runoff and erosion.

Tragedy of the Commons

The Tragedy of the Commons is a situation where individual users act according to their own self-interest, leading to depletion of a shared resource.

Economic tool to reduce Tragedy of the Commons

Implementing a carbon tax can incentivize reductions in carbon emissions beyond individual gain.

Negative outcomes of large cities near coastlines

Increased vulnerability to flooding and loss of wetlands, which serve as natural barriers.

Urban heat island effect

Cities are often warmer due to the heat-absorbing properties of buildings and infrastructure, reducing vegetation.

Solution to keep cities cooler

Planting more trees and creating green spaces can provide shade and reduce heat.

Ecosystem services from forests

Forests provide carbon sequestration, biodiversity habitat, water purification, and soil stabilization.

Carbon sequestration sentence

Forests play a vital role in carbon sequestration by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere.

Range of tolerance sentence

Each species has a specific range of tolerance for environmental factors like temperature and moisture.

Habitat loss and biodiversity sentence

Urbanization frequently results in habitat loss and a loss in biodiversity, as natural areas are converted into developed land.

Decrease meat consumption sentence

To combat climate change, individuals are encouraged to decrease meat consumption and adopt a more plant-based diet.

Build up, not out sentence

To preserve green spaces, urban planners advise cities to build up, not out, thereby minimizing land use.

Runoff and infiltration sentence

Effective landscaping techniques can enhance runoff management by promoting water infiltration into the soil.