Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemical Reactions

A collection of vocabulary terms and definitions related to chemical reactions, types of reactions, and the roles of enzymes in biological processes.

Chemical Reaction

A process in which either a covalent bond or an ionic bond is formed or broken.

Decomposition Reaction

A reaction where a large molecule is broken down into smaller fragments.

Catabolism

A type of decomposition reaction that releases kinetic energy.

Exergonic Reaction

A reaction that releases energy, typically associated with catabolic processes.

Hydrolysis Reaction

A decomposition reaction involving water that breaks down molecules.

Synthesis Reaction

A reaction where smaller molecules combine to form larger molecules, consuming energy in the process.

Dehydration Synthesis

A reaction that removes water from reactants to form larger molecules.

Enzyme

A type of macromolecule that acts as a biological catalyst to accelerate chemical reactions.

Activation Energy

The energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Catalyst

A compound that accelerates chemical reactions without itself being altered.

Lock and Key Fit

The specific interaction between an enzyme and its substrate, where only specific substrates can bind to the active site.

Denature

The alteration of an enzyme's structure, rendering it nonfunctional.

Potential Energy

Energy that is stored in an object and has the potential to do work.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion, occurring when work is being done.

Exergonic vs. Endergonic

Exergonic reactions release energy (catabolism), while endergonic reactions require energy input (anabolism).

pH

The measurement of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, indicating its acidity or basicity.