BIO SCI 93 Lec 7 (6.5-6.7) Nomenclature

Monomer

A basic building block of polymers, a monomer is a molecule that can chemically bond with other monomers to form larger structures.

Dimer

A molecule formed from two monomers chemically bonded together.

Tetramer

A molecule made up of four subunits or components.

Progeria

A genetic disorder that causes premature aging in children; caused by a mutation in the gene producing the protein lamin (IF), which provides mechanical stability and structure to the nucleus.

Centriole

a structure present within the centrosome composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring

Centrosome

Functions as a microtubule organizing center; where microtubules originate

Pseudopodia

associated with amoeboid (crawling) movement of the cell and phagocytosis; achieved via interaction between actin filaments with myosin

Cilia

a short appendage containing microtubules in eukaryotic cells, occurring in large quantities on the cell surface; involved in movement or signaling (nonmotile)

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures containing microtubules that aid in cell movement, typically found in sperm cells and some protists. Usually one per cell.

Plasmodesmata

channels that connect adjacent plant cells; lined with plasma membrane of adjacent cells, allowing for passage of water and small solutes

Tight Junctions

cell junction causing plasma membrane to press tightly together, forming barrier that prevents leakage of ECF

Desmosomes

cell junctions that fasten cells together into strong sheets; keratin IFs anchor them in the cytoplasm

Gap junctions

also called communicating junctions; membrane proteins extending from membranes of two cells that create pores for passage of ions, sugars, amino acids

Proteoglycan

a molecule consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains covalently attached; up to 95% carbohydrate